三维成像技术具有强大的精细化空间数据描述能力，在消费电子、自动驾驶、机器视觉和虚拟现实等领域已成为最关键的传感技术之一。现有的三维成像技术受到传统折射元件和衍射元件的物理机制限制，难以满足设备小型化、集成化、多功能、大视场、大数值孔径、高分辨等性能要求。超构表面作为由亚波长纳米天线阵列构成的智能表面，能够实现对光场的振幅、相位、偏振等参量的人为调控，具有体积小、高空间带宽积、高效率、多功能、大视场等优势，有望成为新一代光学元件服务于三维成像技术。本文综述了基于超构表面的三维成像技术进展，在超构表面的物理机制和应用优势的分析基础上，详细介绍了超构表面在三维成像技术例如结构光技术、飞行时间法、光场成像和点扩散函数工程中的应用和表现，总结和展望了基于超构表面的三维成像技术面临的挑战和未来发展方向。

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging enables the elaborate numerical description of the physical space, leading to one of the most critical technologies in consumer electronics, automatic drive, machine vision, and virtual reality. The existing 3D imaging is limited by the physical mechanism of the traditional refraction element and diffraction optical element, so it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of miniaturization, integration, multi-function, large field of view, large numberical aperture, high spatial resolution, and so on. Metasurface, an intelligent surface composed of subwavelength nano-antenna arrays, can realize the artificial control of the amplitude, phase, polarization, and other parameters of the light field. Therefore, it has the advantages of small size, high spatial bandwidth product, high efficiency, multi-function, large field of view, and so on, showing the potential as a new generation of optical elements for 3D imaging. In this paper, the progress of mesurface-based 3D imaging technology is reviewed. Based on the analysis of the physical mechanism and application advantages of the metasurface, the application and performance of the mesurface-based 3D imaging technology such as structured light technology, time-flight method, optical field imaging, and point spread function engineering are introduced in detail. The challenges and future development directions of metasurface-based 3D imaging technology are summarized and prospected.