近几年市场上最新出现了一类“加瓷”绿松石, 与绿松石原矿极为相似, 这类“加瓷”绿松石是使用无机结合剂磷酸盐或硅酸盐作为添加物, 对绿松石进行充填处理从而达到提高绿松石瓷度的目的, 故以“加瓷”绿松石而得名。 这类“加瓷”绿松石与天然绿松石的外观极为相似, 目前对此类型绿松石的研究比较薄弱。 使用常规宝石学仪器、 红外光谱仪、 X射线荧光光谱仪、 紫外-可见分光光度计、 荧光光谱仪对经磷酸盐“加瓷”处理的绿松石的化学成分组成特征以及振动光谱特征进行了系统的研究和分析。 研究结果显示: 经磷酸盐“加瓷”处理的绿松石均为隐晶质结构, 表面多呈蜡状-玻璃光泽, 有黑色或白色团块状色斑, 分布有铁线, “加瓷”处理后绿松石的相对密度平均值(2.38)小于具有相似外观的天然绿松石(2.60)； 荧光整体呈惰性, 但部分“加瓷”处理的绿松石在紫外荧光灯下会出现蓝白色荧光沿样品表面微裂隙分布的异常现象； 使用X射线荧光(XRF)光谱仪对样品的成分进行测试分析, 磷酸盐“加瓷”处理绿松石的主要化学成分偏离天然绿松石理论化学成分值, ω(Al2O3)在20.91%～39.45%之间, ω(P2O5)在42.32%～53.46%之间, ω(CuO)在6.54%～11.38%之间, ω(FeOT)在0.43%～22.2%之间, ω(SiO2)在0.28%～4.52%之间, ω(K2O)在0.05%～0.36%之间； 磷酸盐“加瓷”处理绿松石的磷铝比为1.47～2.10, 这一数值相比天然绿松石普遍较高； 磷酸盐“加瓷”处理绿松石红外吸收光谱主要显示为结晶水、 羟基水及磷酸根基团的振动光谱, 振动频率与天然绿松石红外光谱基本一致； 紫外-可见光谱表明磷酸盐“加瓷”处理绿松石的谱峰的位置相对于天然绿松石图谱稍有偏移但整体趋势一致； 三维荧光光谱仪检测结果荧光较微弱, 荧光中心强度变化范围较大。

In recent years, a new kind of “porcelain-added” turquoise has appeared in the market, which is very similar to the raw ore of turquoise. This kind of “porcelain-added” Turquoise uses inorganic binder phosphate or silicate as additives to fill the turquoise, to improve the porcelain degree of turquoise. Therefore, it is named after “porcelain-added” turquoise. The appearance of this kind of “porcelain-added” turquoise is very similar to that of natural turquoise. At present, the research on this type of turquoise is relatively weak. In this paper, the chemical composition characteristics and vibration spectrum characteristics of turquoise treated with phosphate “porcelain” were systematically studied and analyzed using conventional gemological instruments, infrared spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the turquoise treated with phosphate “porcelain” is an aphanitic structure, and its surface is mostly waxy glassy luster, with black or white lumpy color spots and iron wires. The average relative density (2.38) of turquoise treated with “porcelain” is less than that of natural turquoise with a similar appearance (2.60); The fluorescence is inert as a whole, but some Turquoise treated with “porcelain” will have blue and white fluorescence distributed along the micro cracks on the surface of the sample under the UV fluorescent lamp; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was used to test and analyze the composition of the sample. The main chemical composition of turquoise treated with phosphate “porcelain” deviated from the theoretical chemical composition value of natural turquoise, ω(Al2O3) is between 20.91% and 39.45%, ω(P2O5) is between 42.32% and 53.46%, ω(CuO) is between 6.54% and 11.38%, ω(feot) between 0.43% and 22.2%, ω(SiO2) is between 0.28% and 4.52%, ω(K2O) between 0.05%～0.36%; The P/Al ratio of turquoise treated with phosphate and porcelain is 1.47～2.10, which is generally higher than that of natural turquoise; The infrared absorption spectra of turquoise treated with phosphate “porcelain” mainly show the vibration spectra of crystal water, hydroxyl water and phosphate groups, and the vibration frequency is basically the same as that of natural turquoise; The UV-Vis spectra showed that the spectral peak position of phosphate treated Turquoise was slightly offset from that of natural turquoise, but the overall trend was the same; The fluorescence of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer is weak, and the intensity of the fluorescence center varies widely.