本文以硝酸铜为原料, 采用氨气沉淀法制备了多种形貌的碱式硝酸铜。研究了反应过程中温度、通氨时间和通氨速率对产品微观形貌和产品收率的影响, 在最佳反应条件, 即反应时间40 min、反应温度90 ℃、通氨速率500 mL/min时, 产品收率达到50%, 产品形貌为类六方片状, 分散性好, 粒径分布接近于正态分布。在产品中发现由纳米级碱式硝酸铜颗粒紧密排布而成的二维纳米网状结构, 上面分布有纳米级微孔。采用Morphology及CASTEP程序对碱式硝酸铜生长习性进行理论分析, 计算结果与实验吻合, 由温度引起的(001)晶面显露程度变化是导致宏观形貌不规则的重要因素。

Using copper nitrate as raw material, basic copper nitrate with various morphologies were prepared by ammonia precipitation method. The effects of temperature, ammonia-passing time and ammonia-passing rate on the microscopic morphology of the product and product yield during the reaction were studied. Under the optimal reaction conditions, that is, the reaction time of 40 min, the reaction temperature of 90 ℃, and the ammonia passing rate of 500 mL/min, the product yield reaches 50%, and the product morphology is hexagonal flake-like, with good dispersibility and the particle size distribution is close to the normal distribution. It is found in the product that a two-dimensional nano-network structure formed by the close arrangement of nano-scale basic copper nitrate particles, with nano-scale micropores distributed in it. The Morphology and CASTEP program were used to theoretically analyze the growth habit of basic copper nitrate, the calculated results are consistent with the experimental results, the change of (001) crystal surface exposure caused by temperature is an important reason for the irregular macroscopic morphology.