飞秒强激光脉冲在大气中传输时，会形成狭长的、具有高激光强度、高等离子体密度、可远程产生和操控的通道，即光丝。光丝与物质相互作用时，高激光强度可激发物质辐射具有指纹特征的荧光谱线，成丝过程可产生覆盖整个大气光学传输窗口的超连续谱激光，通过光学差分吸收实现多组分大气成分的检测分析。飞秒强激光非线性成丝为多相态、多组分大气遥感提供了新的技术途径。主要围绕飞秒激光大气成丝远程诱导击穿光谱技术和光丝超连续谱激光雷达技术两种基于飞秒激光的大气遥感新技术，综述了两种技术的原理、光谱测量和分析方法及其相关研究进展，分析了飞秒强激光大气遥感应用存在的关键科学和技术问题并对未来发展进行了展望。

The propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses in atmospheric air can lead to a channel with high laser intensity, high plasma density, and capability for remote generation and control, namely filament. When the filaments interact with the materials, high laser intensity can excite the materials and induce the finger-print fluorescence of the materials. Supercontinuum can also be generated during filamentation which can cover the entire atmospheric optical transmission windows. The supercontinuum provides an idea source for sensing multiple atmospheric components through differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Intense femtosecond laser filamentation provides a new approach for atmospheric sensing of multiple phases and multiple components. In this paper, we focus on the new atmospheric sensing techniques based on intense femtosecond lasers, namely, remote femtosecond laser filament induced breakdown spectroscopy and filament induced supercontinuum Lidar. The working principles, the methods for spectral measurement and analysis as well as the recent research progress are briefly reviewed. Finally, the scientific and technique problems and future development of intense femtosecond laser remote atmospheric sensing are discussed.