青铜器的矿料来源及其体现的地区间文化互动等信息是考古学界关注的重点问题。 四川会理位于欧亚草原、 中原、 南亚和东南亚之间的“十字路口”, 且处在著名的“藏彝走廊”之上, 自古以来就是多民族聚居地和多元文化交汇区, 当地出土的青铜器更是包含多种文化因素。 然而, 以往对该地青铜文化的研究多集中于墓葬形制和随葬品的器型及纹饰等所体现的文化互动上, 而对多元风格青铜器的矿料来源和地区间文化互动的具体模式关注较少。 使用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(pXRF)、 多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)对会理文管所藏8件具有多元文化风格的青铜器进行成分分析和铅同位素比值测定。 在此基础上, 搜集铜、 铅矿山和相关青铜器的铅同位素数据并结合考古类型学进行对比分析, 以期揭示不同地区和青铜文化之间的互动联系。 pXRF分析结果显示, 这批样品合金类型多样, 包括纯铜、 锡青铜、 铅锡青铜和锡铅青铜等。 MC-ICP-MS分析结果显示, 两面石寨山型铜鼓和盐源文化风格树形器应为利用滇中南地区的铅料生产的, 且前人对多面石寨山型铜鼓的研究结果显示其矿料均来自滇中南, 表明铜鼓这种象征权力与地位的礼器的矿料来源及生产较为独特, 很可能为统治阶层所垄断； 而石寨山型铜钟则是利用会理当地铜料生产的“仿制品”。 以上结果表明, 会理与石寨山、 盐源等周边地区青铜文化存在着实物和精神等层面的复杂互动。 研究显示, 在运用pXRF、 MC-ICP-MS明确青铜器合金成分和矿料来源的基础上结合文献记载与考古类型学分析可以为深入探讨地区间文化互动的具体模式提供很好的证据支持。

The provenance of raw materials of bronzes and the cultural interactions between regions embodied in them are the key issues that archaeologists focus on. Huili County, Sichuan Province, is located at the “crossroads” between the Eurasian Steppes, the Central Plains of China, South Asia and Southeast Asia, and is on the famous “Tibet-Yi Corridor”. The bronzes unearthed from Huili also contains a variety of cultural factors. However, previous studies on bronze culture in this area have mostly focused on the cultural interactions embodied in the shape of tombs and the types and decorations of burial objects, with little discussion on the provenance of minerals of multi-style bronzes and the specific modes of cultural interaction between regions. In this work, 8 multi-style bronzes collected by the Cultural Relic Administration Center of Huili County were analyzed using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF), and multi-receiver inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). On this basis, the lead isotope data of copper and lead mines and related bronzes were collected and compared to archaeological typology to grasp the interaction between different regions and bronze cultures. The composition results obtained by pXRF show that these samples have various alloy types, including pure copper, tin bronze, lead-tin bronze and tin-lead bronze. The lead isotope ratios results obtained by MC-ICP-MS indicate that the two Shizhaishan style drums and Yanyuan culture style tree-shape bronzes should be importation which used the lead material from south central Yunnan province. The results of previous studies on several Shizhaishan style bronze drums show that the mineral materials are all from south central Yunnan, indicating that the raw mineral and production of bronze drums, which symbolize power and status, are relatively unique and may be monopolized by the ruling class. While the Shizhaishan style bell is, an imitation used the copper material from Huili County. The results indicate complex culture interaction modes, including spiritual level and material objects among Huili, Shizhaishan, Yanyuan and other surrounding bronze cultures. This study also shows that using pXRF and MC-ICP-MS to clarify the composition and the source of mineral materials of bronzes combined with documentary records and archaeological typology can provide positive evidence support for in-depth exploration of specific modes of cultural interactions between regions.