为了解决石油钻杆表面受交变载荷冲击导致的失效问题, 同时获取更高质量的耐磨涂层, 采用高速激光熔覆设备, 以JG-3铁基合金作为熔覆粉末, 在20CrMo钢表面制备合金涂层。以激光功率、扫描速度以及送粉速度为优化变量, 涂层硬度以及耐磨性为表征变量, 通过正交试验极差与方差分析获得最优参数组。结果表明, 极差分析中, 工艺参数对涂层显微硬度和磨损失重量的影响程度排序均为扫描速度＞送粉速度＞激光功率; 方差分析中, 显微硬度和磨损失重量的F值大小均为FB>FC>FA, 表明各因素对高速激光熔覆涂层性能的影响程度排序为扫描速度＞送粉速度＞激光功率, 这与极差分析结果一致。正交试验获得最优参数组合为: 激光功率900 W、扫描速度65 mm/s、送粉速度4 r/min。

In order to solve the failure problem caused by the impact of alternating loads on the surface of the oil drill pipe and obtain a higher quality wear-resistant coating, this paper adopts a high-speed laser cladding equipment, and JG-3 iron-based alloy is used as the cladding powder to coat the surface of 20CrMo steel for the preparation of alloy coatings. Taking laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding speed as optimization variables, and considering coating hardness and wear resistance as characterization variables, the optimal parameter group was obtained through orthogonal test range and variance analysis. Results show that in the range analysis, the order of the influence of process parameters on the microhardness and wear loss weight of the coating is as follows: scanning speed>powder feeding speed>laser power. In the variance analysis, the F values of microhardness and wear loss weight are both FB>FC>FA, indicating that the influence of various factors on the performance of high-speed laser cladding coatings is ranked as follows: scanning speed, powder feeding speed, laser power. This is consistent with the range analysis results. The optimal parameter combination obtained by orthogonal test is laser power 900 W, scanning speed 65 mm/s, powder feeding speed 4 r/min.