光谱成像仪可以精准探测月球表面物质成分与温度及其变化特性，成为新时期月球科学探测任务中重点配置的科学载荷，为进一步认知月球起源与演化历史、资源分布与环境特性提供科学数据。现有月球环绕探测光谱成像数据为人类认知月球表面物质组成、资源分布及演化历史等提供了科学参考，但面向月球资源与环境开发与应用的勘查存在空间分辨率较低且红外谱段偏少的问题。概述了国内外月球探测任务中的典型光谱成像载荷与研究热点；针对月球光谱的精准探测需求，对所面临的具体技术难题进行了讨论；就如何突破现有技术挑战，获取更高分辨率、更高灵敏度、更可信的光谱科学数据提出了针对性的具体解决思路与技术途径；最后，对面向月球环绕探测的光谱成像的发展趋势、挑战与应用进行了总结与展望。

The spectral imager can accurately detect the composition and temperature of the lunar surface and their variable characteristics, becoming a key scientific payload in the new era of lunar scientific exploration missions, which provides scientific data for further cognition of the origin and evolutionary history, resource distribution, and environmental characteristics of the lunar. The existing spectral imaging data of lunar orbit exploration provide scientific reference for human cognition of lunar surface material composition, resource distribution, and evolutionary history, but there are problems of low spatial resolution and few infrared spectral bands for realizing precise exploration of lunar resources and environment development and application. The paper firstly outlines the typical spectral imaging payloads and research hotspots in lunar exploration missions at home and abroad. Secondly, the specific technical challenges faced are discussed specifically for the precise detection needs of lunar spectra. Then, specific solutions and technical approaches are proposed on how to break through the existing technical challenges and obtain higher resolution, more sensitive, and more reliable spectral scientific data. Finally, the development trend, challenges, and applications of spectral imaging for lunar orbit exploration are summarized and prospected.