生物多样性是人类赖以生存的基础。 受环境和气候变化的影响, 全球生物多样性丧失日趋严重, 研究区域生物多样性对保护濒危物种栖息地、 合理规划与利用区域资源具有重要意义。 基于2002年—2018年多光谱遥感植被产品中的NDVI、 EVI、 FPAR、 LAI、 GPP数据集, 构建了累积、 最小和差值三种动态生境指数(DHI), 结合气象数据和物种分布数据, 采用多元回归分析分别研究了①基于NDVI、 EVI、 FPAR、 LAI、 GPP多光谱遥感指数构建的DHIs评价生物多样性的适用性； ②累积、 最小和差值DHIs表达物种多样性的互补性； ③气候变化对我国生物多样性的影响； ④累积、 最小和差值DHIs表达物种丰富度的能力。 研究表明: ①基于同种MODIS多光谱植被指数的同一DHIs之间具有很强的相关性(相关系数0.77到0.98之间), 可相互替代； 同一植被指数的累积、 最小和差值DHIs之间有一定关联性, 但三者不可相互替代。 ②与基于NDVI、 EVI、 FPAR、 LAI产品数据构建的DHIs相比, GPP-DHIs监测我国生物多样性的能力最强, 且与物种丰富度之间存在良好的相关性(相关系数0.32到0.84之间)。 ③持续发生的气候变化会显著影响区域内的植被总生产力, 极端气候对大区域内的影响不大； 蒸散量对大尺度区域的植被总生产力影响比气温和降水的影响更显著。 ④环境变化对两栖动物物种丰富度影响最大, 其次是鸟类, 受影响最小的是哺乳动物。 ⑤我国累积DHI与最小DHI表现为自西北内陆向东南沿海地区逐渐增大的格局, 西北和华北地区, 高山、 高纬度地区, 以及西北沙漠地区最小DHI很小, 表明东南沿海区域的生态环境更适合生物生存, 恶劣的环境严重影响生物多样性； 差值DHI表现为东北、 华北较高, 华中、 华南较低的空间格局, 表明东北、 华北地区物种生存环境的变化较大, 华中、 华南地区物种的生存环境比较稳定。

Biodiversity is the basis of human survival. Affected by the environment and climate change, the decrease in global biodiversity is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, the study of regional biodiversity has great significance in protecting endangered species’ habitat, planning and utilising the regional resources reasonably. Three dynamic habitat indices (DHI) of cumulative, minimum and difference were constructed by datasets of NDVI, EVI, FPAR, LAI and GPP of multispectral remote sensing vegetation products from 2002 to 2018. The multiple regression analysis was used to study ① the applicability of DHIs constructed by different multispectral remote sensing indices (NDVI, EVI, FPAR, LAI and GPP); ②the complementarity of species diversity expressed by cumulative, minimum and difference DHI models; ③the impact of climate change on biodiversity in China; ④the ability of cumulative, minimum and difference DHIs to express species richness. The research shows that ① there is a strong correlation between corresponding DHIs based on the same MODIS multispectral vegetation indices (correlation coefficient from 0.77 to 0.98), so they can substitute for each other; There is a certain correlation among these three DHIs, while they cannot replace each other. ②Compared with DHIs constructed by NDVI, EVI, FPAR and LAI product data, GPP-DHIs have the strongest ability to monitor biodiversity in China and have a good correlation with species richness (correlation coefficient from 0.32 to 0.84). ③Continuous climate change will affect the total productivity of vegetation significantly in the large region, and extreme climate has little impact on the large region; Evapotranspiration has a more significant impact on the total productivity of vegetation in large-scale regions than temperature, and precipitation. ④Environmental change has the greatest impact on amphibian species richness, followed by birds and mammals. ⑤The cumulative DHI and minimum DHI in China gradually increase from the northwest inland to the southeast coastal area. The minimum DHI in the northwest, north China, high altitude area, high latitudes, and northwest desert areas are very small, which indicate the ecological environment in the southeast coastal area is more suitable for biological survival, and the harsh environment affects biodiversity seriously. The difference in DHI shows a higher spatial pattern in Northeast and North China, and a lower spatial pattern in Central and South China, which indicates that the living environment of species in Northeast and North China changed greatly, and the living environment of species in Central and South China was relatively stable.