森林生物量探测是评估森林生态系统固碳能力的基础，对研究陆地生态系统碳循环具有重要意义，遥感技术的发展为快速准确地获取森林生物量提供了有效途径。首先，介绍了国内外森林生物量遥感卫星的发展情况，讨论了光学遥感、激光雷达和微波雷达数据在森林生物量估算上的适用性，并总结了现存问题。然后，提出了我国新一代森林生物量遥感卫星的需求和任务，并针对高精度定量化遥感测量森林生物量过程中的技术难点，给出了任务分析过程和载荷配置方案，该方案可实现多载荷同平台观测和三维大气气溶胶探测。最后，对森林生物量遥感卫星后续发展情况进行了展望。

Forest biomass detection is the assessment basis of the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems, and it is of great significance for research on the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. The development of remote sensing technology provides an effective way to obtain forest biomass quickly and accurately. The paper first introduces the development of forest biomass estimation by remote sensing satellites in China and abroad, discusses the applicability of optical remote sensing, lidar and microwave radar data in forest biomass estimation, and summarizes the existing problems. Then, the requirements and tasks of the new generation of remote sensing satellite for forest biomass estimation in China are put forward. Considering the technical difficulties in high-precision and quantitative remote sensing measurement of forest biomass, the task analysis process and the load alloccation scheme are given. The scheme can realize the multi-load observation on the same platform and three-dimensional atmospheric aerosol detection. Finally, the future development of forest biomass remote estimation by sensing satellites is predicted.