Structured light with more extended degrees of freedom (DoFs) and in higher dimensions is increasingly gaining traction and leading to breakthroughs such as super-resolution imaging, larger-capacity communication, and ultraprecise optical trapping or tweezers. More DoFs for manipulating an object can access more maneuvers and radically increase maneuvering precision, which is of significance in biology and related microscopic detection. However, manipulating particles beyond three-dimensional (3D) spatial manipulation by using current all-optical tweezers technology remains difficult. To overcome this limitation, we theoretically and experimentally present six-dimensional (6D) structured optical tweezers based on tailoring structured light emulating rigid-body mechanics. Our method facilitates the evaluation of the methodology of rigid-body mechanics to synthesize six independent DoFs in a structured optical trapping system, akin to six-axis rigid-body manipulation, including surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. In contrast to previous 3D optical tweezers, our 6D structured optical tweezers significantly improved the flexibility of the path design of complex trajectories, thereby laying the foundation for next-generation functional optical manipulation, assembly, and micromechanics.

完美涡旋光场模式的单一性难以满足其在多种领域的应用需求。为解决该问题,提出了一种同心矢量完美涡旋模式,其光强分布为一族同心的矢量完美涡旋,各环矢量完美涡旋的性质得到了验证。研究发现,每个完美涡旋的光环大小、偏振阶数等特征参数相互独立。对同心矢量完美涡旋模式光环叠加的实验表明,与标量完美涡旋光束叠加不同,矢量叠加产生的子涡旋会在特定位置消失,原因是两光环在该位置偏振正交。该研究极大地丰富了完美涡旋的模式分布,拓宽了完美涡旋在微操纵、光通信等领域的潜在应用。

基于特定参数下的因斯高斯Ince-Gaussian(IG)光束的奇偶模式线性叠加,提出了一种每个光瓣均为“V”字形的光束模式(VIG模式)。通过实验与数值模拟对所提VIG模式进行分析研究,结果发现VIG模式的“V”字形光瓣个数为其阶数的两倍。通过给奇偶模式施加一个初始相位差可以自由调控“V”字形光瓣连续分离为一大一小两个光瓣,并且可以对调两个光瓣的空间位置。通过力场分析发现,VIG模式有望应用于细胞分选。通过两个偶模一个奇模阶数比为1∶3∶2进行叠加,可以生成三个分支的VIG模式。