微螺旋结构在微机器人、手性超材料中有重要应用，不同的应用对螺旋结构有着不一样的要求。基于飞秒激光双光子聚合技术可以直写任意三维微结构，然而，单焦点逐点直写的效率较低。基于结构光场的单步曝光方案能够实现高效制备，但目前受限于复杂而专业的光场调控技术，仅能制备较有限的微螺旋结构。针对微尺度多螺旋结构，本文提出了一种基于动态多焦点的制备方案。该方案将光斑的螺旋运动轨迹分解为由动态全息图控制的圆周运动和由z轴位移台控制的线性扫描，最终成功制备了直径、螺线数、螺距与手性等特征灵活可控的多重微螺旋结构。所提微螺旋结构制备方案兼具经济性及高效灵活的优势，对于微机器人、手性超材料和生物工程等领域的相关研究具有较大的参考价值。

The manipulation of structured light beams requires simultaneous spatial modulation of amplitude and phase. Based on the double-phase holography (DPH) algorithm, we demonstrate an efficient reconstruction of Bessel beams with arbitrary on-axis intensity. Also, the off-axis DPH method enables more than doubled laser energy utilization compared with the widely-used off-axis phase wrapping modulation method. The DPH algorithm is also used in two-photon polymerization to enable the rapid fabrication of microtube arrays, ortho-hexagonal scaffolds, and 2D patterned microstructures. This work gives experimental proof to show the powerful feasibility of the DPH method in constructing economic adaptive laser processing systems.

As a newly discovered type of structured light, a spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV), which is remarkable for its space–time spiral phase and transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM), has garnered substantial interest. Most previous studies have focused on the generation, characterization, and propagation of STOVs, but their nonlinear frequency conversion remains largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of green and ultraviolet (UV) STOVs by frequency upconversion of a STOV carried near-infrared (NIR) pulse emitted by a high repetition rate Yb-doped fiber laser amplifier system. First, we verify that the topological charge of spatiotemporal OAM (ST-OAM) is doubled along with the optical frequency in the second-harmonic generation (SHG) process, which is visualized by the diffraction patterns of the STOVs in the fundamental and second-harmonic field. Second, the space–time characteristic of NIR STOV is successfully mapped to UV STOV by sum-frequency mixing STOV at 1037 nm and Gaussian beams in the green band. Furthermore, we observe the topological charges of the ST-OAM could be degraded owing to strong space–time coupling and complex spatiotemporal astigmatism of such beams. Our results not only deepen our understanding of nonlinear manipulation of ST-OAM spectra and the generation of STOVs at a new shorter wavelength, but also may promote new applications in both classical and quantum optics.

In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization (2PP) experimental system, optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality. To solve this issue, a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the adaptive laser processing system with a single phase-only spatial light modulator. 2PP fabrications using corrected high-order Bessel beams with the above solution have been conducted, and high-quality microstructure arrays of microtubes with 20 µm diameter have been rapidly manufactured. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the beam intensity distributions and 2PP results before and after aberration corrections.

High-order dispersion introduced by Gires–Tournois interferometer mirrors usually causes spectral sidebands in the near-zero dispersion region of mode-locked fiber lasers. Here, we demonstrate a sideband-free Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser with dispersion-compensating Gires–Tournois interferometer mirrors. Both the simulation and the experiment demonstrate that the wavelength and energy of the sidebands can be tuned by changing the transmission coefficient of the output mirror, the pump power, and the ratio of the net cavity dispersion to the net third-order dispersion in the cavity. By optimizing these three parameters, the laser can generate a sideband-free, Gaussian-shaped spectrum with a 13.56-nm bandwidth at -0.0232ps2 net cavity dispersion, which corresponds to a 153-fs pulse duration.

基于电控光学采样原理开展了飞秒激光飞行时间绝对距离测量的实验研究。电控光学采样技术使用两台重复频率锁相的飞秒激光器，分别作为信号激光器和本地振荡器。在本地振荡器的谐振腔内插入电光调制器并施加方波调制，实现了可控、高效的等效时间采样，采样速度由电光调制器的调制频率决定。基于这一采样原理开展脉冲飞行时间绝对距离测量实验。选用一对重复频率约为158 MHz的被动锁模光纤激光器作为光源，对固定目标进行单次测量的最大更新速率可达到200 kHz，经过4100次单次测量平均后，测距精度可达到16.7 nm。在此基础上，测量了硅基微机械器件中深度约为67.6 μm的微槽。

目前，飞秒激光脉冲因脉冲宽度窄和峰值功率高的特点被广泛运用在多种领域中。其中，色散管理光纤锁模激光器因其特有的腔内呼吸机制使输出的激光脉冲能量更高，光谱更宽、脉宽更窄。使用啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的光纤锁模激光器能够实现真正的全光纤结构，提升激光器的紧凑性和稳定性，因此基于啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的光纤锁模激光器具有更加实际的应用意义。采用数值模拟的方法，研究了基于啁啾布拉格光纤光栅进行色散管理的掺镱光纤锁模激光器中单模光纤在腔内的不同分布对脉冲动力学过程和输出脉冲参数的影响。系统分析了谐振腔内净色散值不同时，腔内单模光纤的分布对脉冲在腔内的动力学过程的影响。模拟结果表明，在腔内净色散值为负时，啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与增益光纤间的单模光纤越短，光纤激光器维持稳定单脉冲运行的最大泵浦强度更高且输出光谱更宽，从而能够获得脉宽更窄的去啁啾脉冲；腔内净色散值越接近零时，啁啾布拉格光纤光栅与增益光纤间的单模光纤长度对输出脉冲参数作用的影响越显著；腔内净色散值为正时，单模光纤在腔内的分布对输出脉冲影响逐渐减弱，优化单模光纤分布提升锁模激光器性能并不明显。最后，提出了一种通过改变单模光纤在腔内的分布来提高激光器输出性能的优化方法。

Ultrafast lasers with high repetition rate, high energy, and ultrashort pulse duration have enabled numerous applications in science and technology. One efficient route to generate such pulses is postcompression of high-power Yb-doped lasers. Here, we report on the generation of 24.5 fs pulses with an output energy of 1.6 µJ and a repetition rate of 500 kHz. The pulses are obtained by using a hybrid cascaded nonlinear compression of the pulses delivered by a Yb-based fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system. In the first stage, the initial 390 fs laser pulses are compressed to 100.7 fs based on spectral broadening in three fused silica plates. In the second stage, the pulses have been shortened to sub-30 fs by means of nonlinear compression in a hollow-core fiber. Overall, we could achieve ∼16 times temporal shortening with the proposed approach. The results show that our system can effectively generate few-cycle pulses at a relatively high repetition rate and high energy, which can benefit future possible applications.

We report an experimental generation of few-cycle pulses at 53 MHz repetition rate. Femtosecond pulses with pulse duration of 181 fs are firstly generated from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Then, the pulses are compressed to sub-three-cycle with a hybrid compressor composed of a commercial single-mode fiber and a pair of prisms, taking advantage of the tunability of the OPO and the numerical simulating of the nonlinear compression system. Our compressed optical pulses possess an ultrabroadband spectrum covering over 470 nm bandwidth (at -10dB), and the output intensity fluctuation of our system is less than 0.8%. These results show that our system can effectively generate few-cycle pulses at a repetition rate of tens of megahertz with excellent long-term stability, which could benefit future possible applications.

针对超短脉冲光纤放大器模型复杂，计算难度大等问题，提出了一种基于门控循环单元深度学习的脉冲演化预测方法。利用初始脉冲时域和频域信息，分别训练门控循环单元模型，成功地预测了掺铥光纤放大器中脉冲非线性压缩的过程，与数值计算和实验结果匹配。相比于求解非线性薛定谔方程和能级速率方程两个偏微分方程的方法具有更高的运算速度，有利于优化放大器参数，理解超短脉冲在增益光纤中的非线性动力学过程。