为研究压水堆不同燃耗完整和破损燃料棒燃料芯块氧化过程和物相变化，采用拉曼光谱分析技术对燃耗为14 GW·d·t⁻¹和45 GW·d·t⁻¹的完整燃料棒及燃耗为14 GW·d·t⁻¹和41 GW·d·t⁻¹的破损燃料棒燃料芯块的氧化特征进行了分析。结果表明：14 GW·d·t⁻¹和45 GW·d·t⁻¹的完整燃料棒燃料芯块由UO₂、U₄O₉和U₃O₈组成，相比于燃料芯块的内部区域，芯块边缘显示出更强的氧化性；14 GW·d·t⁻¹和41 GW·d·t⁻¹破损燃料棒燃料芯块发生了重结构，形成柱状晶粒，主要物相为UO₂和U₃O₈。燃耗的加深和燃料棒的破损均促进了燃料芯块的氧化过程，但并不会改变燃料芯块的主要相结构。

The distribution of metal nanoparticles on the surface of a surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrate plays a prominent part in not only the enhancement of Raman vibration signal, but also the spectrum uniformity. Here, a facile method to fabricate SERS substrates with excellent homogeneity and low cost was proposed, in which a lyotropic liquid crystal soft template was introduced for the coordinated growth of the silver nanoflowers in the process of electrochemistry deposition. Simulation was carried out to illustrate the dominated influence of the distance of electrodes on the deposited nanoparticle number. Two kinds of conductive materials, silver plate and indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, were chosen as the anode, while the cathode was fixed as ITO glass. The simulated conjecture on the effect of electrode flatness on the uniformity of deposited nanoparticles in silver is experimentally proved. More importantly, it was demonstrated that with a relatively smooth and flat ITO glass anode, a SERS substrate featuring higher spectrum uniformity could be achieved. This work is of great significance to the actual applications of the SERS substrate for quantitative detection with high sensitivity.

紫外拉曼光谱技术具有高强度拉曼散射、无荧光干扰的特点；可见光拉曼光谱技术可实现低波数、高分辨率探测。为兼具两种激发波长的优势，设计了一款对称分布的双Czerny-Turner光路聚焦于一个探测器的双通道拉曼光谱仪。通过元器件的选型和初始结构的计算，在不增加多余元器件的情况下，对弧矢方向像散进行补偿，避免了像面上的能量损失。配合Zemax软件对双通道光谱分别进行建模优化，最终实现了对400~5000 cm⁻¹（266 nm激发）和50~3500 cm⁻¹（633 nm激发）两段光谱的同时探测。均方根半径、点列图和调制传递函数等评价指标有效验证了设计的合理性和可行性。结果表明，两套拉曼光谱仪分别可达8 cm⁻¹和5 cm⁻¹分辨率，本设计具有高分辨率、低波数、多波长激发、集成化等优势。