通过搭建飞秒时间分辨的泵浦探测阴影成像系统，研究了聚焦的飞秒激光脉冲产生空气等离子体的瞬态演化特性，并对不同聚焦条件下空气等离子体的时间特性进行了数值模拟。实验结果表明：聚焦的飞秒激光电离空气等离子体的电子瞬态密度峰值先升高后缓慢下降；同时得到了高时间分辨下的电离速度变化与电子数密度的空间分布。计算结果显示：更高的单脉冲能量对应更高的饱和电子数密度，高数值孔径聚焦条件下隧穿电离也更早出现，表明飞秒时间分辨的泵浦探测阴影成像可为超快激光微加工的瞬态过程提供观测手段，同时可对超快激光微加工过程中的等离子屏蔽效应提供机理解释与加工工艺的优化参考。

设计并制作了一种光纤微悬臂梁传感器，由于悬臂梁在受迫振动过程中不会产生拉伸变形，与四周固定的圆形密闭薄膜相比，会产生更高的声波灵敏度。采用飞秒激光加工制作微悬臂梁薄膜光纤声波传感器，制备出长宽均为500 μm，厚6 μm的微悬臂梁结构。通过实验得到其反射光谱对比度为8.8 dB，自由光谱范围为7.72 nm，理论计算得光纤法布里-珀罗腔长为155.6 μm。研究结果表明，该光纤声波传感器在2 200 Hz处出现明显的共振峰，对应的声压灵敏度为414 mV/Pa，在300 Hz时有最大的灵敏度675 mV/Pa，与普通硅橡胶薄膜声波传感器相比灵敏度显著提高。理论计算硅橡胶微悬臂梁光纤声波传感器的一阶共振频率为198 Hz，与实验测得的共振频率较为接近。同时悬臂梁传感器的声压灵敏度可达675 mV/Pa，声压响应线性度为0.994。

Finally, the limitations of laser processing at present are summarized, and the application and development of laser micromachining technology in the field of medical equipment in the future are prospected. Although laser microprocessing technology can micro-process a new generation of implantable medical devices with extremely fine structure, making the commercial use of the next generation of implantable medical devices feasible, the development of laser micro-processing technology in the biomedical field is not mature enough, the production efficiency is low, and the work stability needs to be improved. For the laser micromachining process, a complete set of theories has not yet been formed to explain the physical nature of the interaction between the laser and material under the extreme conditions of ultra-fast, ultra-short, and ultra-strong, nor can the impact of laser micromachining on the material structure and physical and chemical properties be well evaluated. The next work still needs a lot of basic and regular research. At the same time, according to the characteristics of laser micromachining and the properties of the processed materials, it is also necessary to develop simulation analysis software to simulate the micromachining process and optimize the parameters of the laser micromachining process.

The Mathieu beam is a typical nondiffracting beam characterized by its propagation invariance and self-reconstruction. These extraordinary properties have given rise to potentialities for applications such as optical communications, optical trapping, and material processing. However, the experimental generation of Mathieu–Gauss beams possessing high quality and compactness is still challenging. In this work, even and helical Mathieu phase plates with different orders m and ellipticity parameters q are fabricated by femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization. The experimentally generated nondiffracting beams are propagation-invariant in several hundred millimeters, which agree with numerical simulations. This work may promote the miniaturization of the application of nondiffracting beams in micronanooptics.

在高速飞行器、航空发动机、核反应堆等**安全和国民经济的重要领域，需要实现1800 ℃以上的高温原位测量。常规石英光纤传感器受限于材料特性，无法在1000 ℃以上高温环境中长期稳定使用。单晶蓝宝石光纤具有极高的熔点（2053 ℃）和较低的传输损耗，是一种良好的高温传感材料。在单晶蓝宝石光纤内部刻写布拉格光栅，可以研制出蓝宝石光纤光栅传感器，具有耐温性能好、测量精度高、便于多点测量等优点，是当前最具发展前景的新型高温传感器件。首先介绍了蓝宝石光纤光栅高温传感器的工作原理和理论模型，接着介绍了利用飞秒激光制备蓝宝石光纤光栅的三种主流技术，包括相位掩模板扫描法、双光束干涉法、直写法，并从制备效率、光谱质量等方面比较了三种技术的优劣，指出飞秒激光直写法是制备蓝宝石光纤光栅高温传感器的最佳手段；然后介绍了蓝宝石光纤光栅的光谱优化方法，包括如何减小光栅光谱带宽和如何降低光谱噪声；进一步介绍了蓝宝石光纤光栅的高温传感特性、封装工艺及高温温度、应变传感应用；最后展望了蓝宝石光纤光栅传感器的未来发展趋势。蓝宝石光纤光栅高温传感器的快速发展和大规模推广应用，必将有助于解决当前我国航空航天、核电等领域重大装备结构健康监测的卡脖子难题。

提出了一种用于超低温环境的微纳光纤非本征法布里-珀罗干涉仪压力传感器。单模光纤端面通过飞秒激光刻蚀出微孔，与无芯光纤熔接形成密闭的法珀腔。通过将无芯光纤切割、研磨等步骤，制作出微纳光纤压力传感器。利用飞秒激光微加工，可以加工出不同孔径的微孔及不同厚度的膜片，得到不同灵敏度及测量压力范围的压力传感器。实验结果表明，提出的传感器在-196 ℃、0~5 MPa的压力范围内表现出良好的线性度，压力升高和降低过程中腔长-压力灵敏度分别为110.33 nm/MPa和110.68 nm/MPa。该传感器能够满足超低温环境下的压力测量需求。