贵金属纳米探针及其聚合体以优异的光热转换效率、良好的生物相容性及灵活可调的光学吸收峰位受到了光热治疗领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文通过有限元仿真定量演示了贵金属纳米探针聚集诱导的非线性光学及光热效应，系统地讨论了纳米颗粒的材质、尺寸、排列方式、聚集程度等因素对纳米探针光热转换效率的影响，并对局域表面等离子体共振耦合效应产生的非线性光场以及光热增强效应及其机制进行了深入定量分析。

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

稀土掺杂的上转换纳米发光材料(UCNP)可以将低频光子转化为高频光子,通常是近红外光激发,可见光发射,这个独特的光学性质使其具有良好的生物学应用前景。近年来,UCNP已经在成像、传感等领域取得了重要进展,本文对近年来UCNP的合成、表面修饰以及在生物检测等方面的应用进行综述,涵盖了生物检测方面的重要进展,包括基于上转换荧光的温度、离子、小分子以及生物体内的重要蛋白与核酸等检测应用。

构建高转换效率的纳米探针是推动光声(PA)分子成像发展的关键。传统光声探针的设计思路是使探针在组织光学窗口波段的光吸收系数最大化，而对探针的光声转换性质的研究却未得到足够重视。以金纳米球为例，讨论了在热膨胀机制介导的光声效应中纳米探针的微观光声转换机制，使理性设计高转换效率探针成为可能。通过理论分析和有限元分析发现，由于小尺寸效应，纳米探针不再满足热禁闭条件，在激光脉冲范围内即有热量从球体向周围介质扩散，从而使得纳米探针本身及其周围介质的热膨胀对光声信号均有贡献。

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) breaks through the optical diffusion limit by making use of the PA effect. By converting incident photons into ultrasonic waves, PAI combines high contrast of optical imaging and high spatial resolution in depth tissue of ultrasound imaging in a single imaging modality. This imaging modality has now shown potential for molecular imaging, which enables visualization of biological processes with systemically introduced functional nanoparticles. In the current review, the potentials of different optical nanoprobes as PAI contrast agents were elucidated and discussed.

Silica-based fiber tips are used in a variety of spectroscopic, micro- or nano-scopic optical sensor applications and photonic micro-devices. The miniaturization of optical sensor systems and the technical implementation using optical fibers can provide new sensor designs with improved properties and functionality for new applications. The selective-etching of specifically doped silica fibers is a promising method in order to form complex photonic micro structures at the end or within fibers such as tips and cavities in various shapes useful for the all-fiber sensor and imaging applications. In the present study, we investigated the preparation of geometrically predefined, nanoscaled fiber tips by taking advantage of the dopant concentration profiles of highly doped step-index fibers. For this purpose, a gas phase etching process using hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapor was applied. The shaping of the fiber tips was based on very different etching rates as a result of the doping characteristics of specific optical fibers. Technological studies on the influence of the etching gas atmosphere on the temporal tip shaping and the final geometry were performed using undoped and doped silica fibers. The influence of the doping characteristics was investigated in phosphorus-, germanium-, fluorine- and boron-doped glass fibers. Narrow exposed as well as protected internal fiber tips in various shapes and tip radiuses down to less than 15 nm were achieved and characterized geometrically and topologically. For investigations into surface plasmon resonance effects, the fiber tips were coated with nanometer-sized silver layers by means of vapour deposition and finally subjected to an annealing treatment.