In the aerospace field, for aerospace engines and other high-end manufacturing equipment working in extreme environments, like ultrahigh temperatures, high pressure, and high-speed airflow, in situ temperature measurement is of great importance for improving the structure design and achieving the health monitoring and the fault diagnosis of critical parts. Optical fiber sensors have the advantages of small size, easy design, corrosion resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference, and the ability to achieve distributed or quasi-distributed sensing and have broad application prospects for temperature sensing in extreme environments. In this review, first, we introduce the current research status of fiber Bragg grating-type and Fabry–Perot interferometer-type high-temperature sensors. Then we review the optical fiber high-temperature sensor encapsulation techniques, including tubular encapsulation, substrate encapsulation, and metal-embedded encapsulation, and discuss the extreme environmental adaptability of different encapsulation structures. Finally, the critical technological issues that need to be solved for the application of optical fiber sensors in extreme environments are discussed.

针对布里渊光时域传感器在进行长距离监测时存在的实时性较差的问题，提出了一种基于长短期记忆网络的布里渊增益谱温度提取方法。采用洛伦兹函数仿真生成用于长短期记忆网络训练的数据集，建立长短期记忆网络与温度的映射关系。搭建了40 km的布里渊光时域实验系统，通过谱线相减法对实验数据中存在的畸变现象进行校正，采用长短期记忆网络对校正数据进行了温度信息提取。将本文提出的长短期记忆网络方法与经典的极限学习机方法进行了对比。仿真和实验结果表明，所提算法的最小均方根误差可达0.11℃；即使在扫频步长较大的情况下，该方法仍具有较好的测量精度，有利于提高布里渊光时域温度传感系统的实时性。

介绍了一种基于光纤白光干涉测量技术和现场可编程门阵列的多通道高速外腔式法珀干涉型传感器解调系统。该系统由一个半导体光放大器和一个光纤法珀可调谐滤波器来制作一个高速波长扫描光纤激光器，通过对称三角波技术驱动可调谐法珀滤波器产生扫描频率为1 kHz的扫频光谱。用FPGA实现EFPI传感器的高速信号解调。该系统实现了4通道每个通道2 kHz的EFPI传感器高速解调。

Two innovative optical fiber cable layouts designed to improve strain measurement accuracy for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensors through improved strain transfer efficiency are presented and discussed. Swept Wavelength Interferometry (SWI) is used to experimentally evaluate their performance alongside analytical models and numerical simulation through Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show good agreement between the different methods and show that the second sensing cable design presents good features to minimize the mismatch between measured and actual strain. Finally, the strain response of both strain and temperature sensing cables of this design are evaluated, showing that their difference in response is reliable enough to allow temperature compensation.Two innovative optical fiber cable layouts designed to improve strain measurement accuracy for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensors through improved strain transfer efficiency are presented and discussed. Swept Wavelength Interferometry (SWI) is used to experimentally evaluate their performance alongside analytical models and numerical simulation through Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show good agreement between the different methods and show that the second sensing cable design presents good features to minimize the mismatch between measured and actual strain. Finally, the strain response of both strain and temperature sensing cables of this design are evaluated, showing that their difference in response is reliable enough to allow temperature compensation.