谷胱甘肽（GSH）在多种肿瘤细胞中过表达，是肿瘤微环境的重要特征之一，以GSH作为触发因子可以实现肿瘤的精准治疗。GSH是一种内源性抗氧化剂，其分子结构中的巯基官能团能够快速消耗肿瘤细胞内的活性氧物种（ROS），降低光动力治疗（PDT）的效果；相反，GSH的消耗也可以增强PDT。因此，以GSH作为生物靶标及触发因子设计GSH响应型光敏剂有望实现高效精准的肿瘤PDT。本文首先对GSH在生物体内的作用进行了简单介绍，进而对GSH激活型和GSH消耗型光敏剂的响应机制与响应型PDT进行了详细阐述，最后对GSH响应型光敏剂在肿瘤光动力治疗中面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向进行了讨论。

光动力疗法（PDT）是一种通过光动力反应选择性地治疗恶性肿瘤及癌前病变等疾病的新型疗法，具有广阔的临床应用前景。光敏剂作为PDT的关键要素之一，其在体浓度分布直接影响PDT疗效，实现光敏剂剂量在体定量检测是开展个性化PDT精准治疗的前提。介绍了光敏剂浓度在体定量检测的影响因素；总结了目前常用的光敏剂荧光光谱定量校准方法及荧光定量检测技术；最后讨论了光敏剂定量检测技术在PDT临床转化应用中所面临的挑战和发展方向。

The discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect provides opportunities for the rapid development of fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizer (ET-BDP-O) with AIE characteristics was developed, in which the two linear arms of BODIPY group were linked with triphenylamine to form an electron Donor–Acceptor–Donor (D–A–D) architecture while side chain was equipped with triethylene glycol group. ET-BDP-O was able to directly self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) without supplement of any other matrices or stabilizers due to its amphiphilic property. The as-prepared ET-BDP-O NPs had an excellent colloid stability with the size of 125 nm. Benefiting from the AIE property, ET-BDP-O NPs could generate strong fluorescence and reactive oxygen species under light-emitting diode light irradiation (60mW/cm2). After internalized in cancer cells, ET-BDP-O NPs were able to emit bright red fluorescence signal for bioimaging. In addition, the cell viability assay demonstrated that the ET-BDP-O NPs exhibited excellent photo-cytotoxicity against cancer cells, while negligible cytotoxicity under dark environment. Thus, ET-BDP-O NPs might be regarded as a promising photosensitizer for fluorescence imaging-guided PDT in future.The discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect provides opportunities for the rapid development of fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizer (ET-BDP-O) with AIE characteristics was developed, in which the two linear arms of BODIPY group were linked with triphenylamine to form an electron Donor–Acceptor–Donor (D–A–D) architecture while side chain was equipped with triethylene glycol group. ET-BDP-O was able to directly self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) without supplement of any other matrices or stabilizers due to its amphiphilic property. The as-prepared ET-BDP-O NPs had an excellent colloid stability with the size of 125 nm. Benefiting from the AIE property, ET-BDP-O NPs could generate strong fluorescence and reactive oxygen species under light-emitting diode light irradiation (60mW/cm2). After internalized in cancer cells, ET-BDP-O NPs were able to emit bright red fluorescence signal for bioimaging. In addition, the cell viability assay demonstrated that the ET-BDP-O NPs exhibited excellent photo-cytotoxicity against cancer cells, while negligible cytotoxicity under dark environment. Thus, ET-BDP-O NPs might be regarded as a promising photosensitizer for fluorescence imaging-guided PDT in future.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and rapidly developing treatment modality for clinical cancer therapy. Semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) doped with photosensitizers have been successfully applied to PDT, and have made progress in the field of tumor therapy. However, the problems of severe photosensitivity and limited tissue penetration depth are needed to be solved during the implementation process of PDT. Here we developed the Pdots doped with photosensitizer molecule Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and photochromic molecule 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thiophene)-3,3,4,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene (BTE) to construct a photoswitchable nanoplatform for PDT. The Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots were in the green region, and the tissue penetration depth was increased compared with most Pdots in the blue region. The reversible conversion of BTE under different light irradiation was utilized to regulate the photodynamic effect and solve the problem of photosensitivity. The prepared Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots had small size, excellent optical property, efficient ROS generation and good photoswitchable ability. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and photodynamic effect of the Pdots were detected in human colon tumor cells. The experiments in vitro indicated that Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots could exert excellent photodynamic effect in ON state and reduce photosensitivity in OFF state. These results demonstrated that this nanoplatform holds the potential to be used in clinical PDT.Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and rapidly developing treatment modality for clinical cancer therapy. Semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) doped with photosensitizers have been successfully applied to PDT, and have made progress in the field of tumor therapy. However, the problems of severe photosensitivity and limited tissue penetration depth are needed to be solved during the implementation process of PDT. Here we developed the Pdots doped with photosensitizer molecule Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and photochromic molecule 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thiophene)-3,3,4,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene (BTE) to construct a photoswitchable nanoplatform for PDT. The Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots were in the green region, and the tissue penetration depth was increased compared with most Pdots in the blue region. The reversible conversion of BTE under different light irradiation was utilized to regulate the photodynamic effect and solve the problem of photosensitivity. The prepared Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots had small size, excellent optical property, efficient ROS generation and good photoswitchable ability. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and photodynamic effect of the Pdots were detected in human colon tumor cells. The experiments in vitro indicated that Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots could exert excellent photodynamic effect in ON state and reduce photosensitivity in OFF state. These results demonstrated that this nanoplatform holds the potential to be used in clinical PDT.

Metal- and metal-oxide-based nanoparticles have been widely exploited in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Among these materials, cerium-based nanoparticles have drawn extensive attention due to their superior biosafety and distinctive physicochemical properties, especially the reversible transition between the valence states of Ce(III) and Ce(IV). In this review, the recent advances in the use of cerium-based nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for cancer PDT are discussed, and the activation mechanisms for electron transfer to generate singlet oxygen are presented. In addition, the types of cerium-based nanoparticles used for PDT of cancer are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of clinical translations of cerium-based nanoparticles are briefly addressed.Metal- and metal-oxide-based nanoparticles have been widely exploited in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Among these materials, cerium-based nanoparticles have drawn extensive attention due to their superior biosafety and distinctive physicochemical properties, especially the reversible transition between the valence states of Ce(III) and Ce(IV). In this review, the recent advances in the use of cerium-based nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for cancer PDT are discussed, and the activation mechanisms for electron transfer to generate singlet oxygen are presented. In addition, the types of cerium-based nanoparticles used for PDT of cancer are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of clinical translations of cerium-based nanoparticles are briefly addressed.

光动力治疗以其高度选择性和低侵入性已在肿瘤和皮肤类疾病的临床治疗中展现出巨大的优势和广阔的前景。基于近红外光激发的双光子光动力治疗克服了传统紫外-可见光在生物组织中穿透能力有限的缺点，同时，非线性光学效应提升了光激活的时间和空间分辨率，使得其在深层肿瘤和病灶的精准诊疗中受到广泛关注。本文介绍了双光子光动力的基本原理，总结了目前高效双光子光敏剂的开发设计以及双光子光敏特性的表征技术，以具有聚集诱导发光特性的光敏剂为代表，对当前双光子光动力治疗的研究进展进行讨论和分析。最后对双光子光动力治疗未来的发展方向进行了展望。

光学参数如波长、功率密度、照射时间等可显著影响光疗的杀菌效果。本研究旨在探索LED光疗抑制口腔细菌增殖的最佳光学参数, 为临床口腔细菌感染性疾病的光学治疗提供参考。将粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)菌液接种于96孔板中, 用峰值波长为405 nm和455 nm的自制LED光源, 以10 mW/cm2和40 mW/cm2的功率密度, 在能量密度9.6～33.6 J/cm2的范围内对其进行光照, 30?min后以活死菌荧光染色或平板涂布法检测光疗杀菌效果。结果发现: 405/455 nm波长LED光照对两种厌氧菌均有显著的杀伤效果; 牙龈卟啉单胞菌在波长为405 nm、功率密度为40 mW/cm2、光照能量为33.6 J/cm2的LED光照下达最大抑菌率(96.05±1.80)%; 粪肠球菌则在波长为405 nm、功率密度为10 mW/cm2、光照能量为33.6 J/cm2时达到最佳抑菌效果(97.64±2.31)%。研究表明, 适宜的光学参数可使LED光照对口腔常见致病菌产生显著的抑菌效果。在本研究条件下, 波长为405 nm、照射剂量为33.6 J/cm2的参数组合效果最佳。

光动力疗法(PDT)是一种综合利用光敏剂、光和氧分子，通过光动力反应选择性地治疗恶性肿瘤、血管性病变和微生物感染等疾病的新型疗法。PDT作为光治疗的一种重要方法，已逐渐成为继手术、放疗和化疗之后治疗肿瘤的第四种微创疗法，同时还是治疗鲜红斑痣等特殊疾病的首选疗法。本文简要回顾PDT的研究现状；以提高PDT疗效为目标，重点分析光敏剂、光源、组织氧含量、协同治疗、量效评估等基础研究以及临床应用的研究进展；讨论临床个性化精准PDT及其推广应用所面临的挑战和发展方向。