Overview: With the development of industry, laser fabrication has become one of the important technologies for welding, cutting, surface processing, and other advanced manufacturing areas. At the same time, the pursuit of structures miniaturization, devices integration, and high precision has put forward more stringent requirements for laser fabrication technologies. Due to the advantages of stable mechanical and chemical properties and unique photoelectric properties, hard and brittle materials have been widely used in aerospace, the photoelectric industry, et al. Laser fabrication is an ideal technology for hard and brittle materials processing due to its high precision, high energy, and non-contact properties. In order to achieve the removal of hard and brittle materials, high laser energy is usually required, resulting in low fabrication accuracy and poor surface quality. As an improved laser processing method, liquidassisted laser fabrication can effectively improve fabrication accuracy and surface quality. The processing characteristics and material removal principles of three different liquid-assisted laser processing technologies are summarized in this review. According to the different functions of the medium through which the laser penetrates and the kinds of liquid, liquid-assisted laser fabrication technology can be divided into Laser ablation in liquid (LAL), laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE), and etching-assisted laser modification (EALM). The auxiliary liquid of Laser ablation in liquid is mostly water, which mainly plays the role of cooling and removing debris. The auxiliary liquids used by laser-induced backside wet etching include organic solvents, acid-base solutions, inorganic salts, and other liquids, which play different roles according to different liquids. The etching-assisted laser modification mainly uses an acid or alkaline solution as an auxiliary liquid to remove laser-modified materials. Different methods and auxiliary liquids have different mechanisms in the methods. Therefore, almost any material can be processed by choosing suitable methods and auxiliary liquids, including photosensitive glass, silicon crystal, sapphire, and other transparent hard brittle materials. Here, we summarize the fabrication technologies and fabrication parameters for different materials. The development and applications of liquid-assisted laser fabrication technologies in the fields of micro-optical components, microfluidic devices, and drilling and cutting are introduced. Finally, the challenges of the technology are discussed.

激光抛光技术具有非接触式加工、不产生机械应力、抛光精度高等优点，特别适用于脆硬材料的表面加工。本文阐述了激光抛光工艺的特点和作用机理，介绍了激光抛光工艺中各参数对加工质量的影响，综述了各国对于硬脆材料的激光抛光技术的研究成果和现状。着重介绍了激光热抛光和激光冷抛光的区别和特点，以及抛光原理和研究进展。