In this paper, we propose an ultrabroadband chiral metasurface (CMS) composed of S-shaped resonator structures situated between two twisted subwavelength gratings and dielectric substrate. This innovative structure enables ultrabroadband and high-efficiency linear polarization (LP) conversion, as well as asymmetric transmission (AT) effect in the microwave region. The enhanced interference effect of the Fabry–Perot-like resonance cavity greatly expands the bandwidth and efficiency of LP conversion and AT effect. Through numerical simulations, it has been revealed that the cross-polarization transmission coefficients for normal forward (-z) and backward (+z) incidence exceed 0.8 in the frequency range of 4.13 to 17.34 GHz, accompanied by a polarization conversion ratio of over 99%. Furthermore, our microwave experimental results validate the consistency among simulation, theory, and measurement. Additionally, we elucidate the distinct characteristics of ultrabroadband LP conversion and significant AT effect through analysis of polarization azimuth rotation and ellipticity angles, total transmittance, AT coefficient, and electric field distribution. The proposed CMS structure shows excellent polarization conversion properties via AT effect and has potential applications in areas such as radar, remote sensing, and satellite communication.

设计了一种金属/介质/金属复合光栅与梯度超表面相结合的多功能器件。通过复合光栅的非对称结构实现光的非对称传输，当调制后的波矢量与表面等离极化激元的波矢量相匹配时，金属光栅激发的表面等离极化激元产生单波段光传输；通过梯度超表面实现光的异常反射。当x偏振态光波入射时，不同入射方向可在不同波段激发表面等离极化激元，由于上下光栅的不同周期和非对称的介质环境，光栅可分别在1 128 nm和1 550 nm处实现高透射率；另外在反向入射方向，该器件在1 300~1 400 nm整个波段表现为零吸收，反射率大于90%，可作为反射器。当y偏振态光波入射时，在反向入射方向器件通过相位梯度超表面实现异常反射。该结构可为各种偏振相关的多功能器件和集成光学元件提供参考。

Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits, which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology. However, the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field. Here, we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet, which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region. Therefore, the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved. As a proof of concept, a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field. In addition, since the design method is derived from geometric optics, it can be easily applied to other spectra. We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging, chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.

从理论上提出了一种可以实现圆偏振光波非对称传输的器件设计。该器件是由锗、硅以及空气孔洞构成的具有完全光子禁带的二维光子晶体异质结构。本研究通过在光子晶体中引入线缺陷,构成能够实现高正向透射的光波导结构,同时设计可将光波发散的微腔结构并结合全反射原理抑制反向入射光,实现圆偏振光非对称传输,最终实现了圆偏振光在光通信波段(1550 nm)附近的高正向透射率(可达0.726)的非对称传输。圆偏振是具有固定相位差(π/2)的任意正交线偏振光的线性叠加,本研究设计的结构同时可以实现任意线偏振光的非对称传输,因此具有广泛的应用前景,其应用领域包括量子通信、信息处理、集成光学。

In this work, inspired by advances in twisted two-dimensional materials, we design and study a new type of optical bi-layer metasurface system, which is based on subwavelength metal slit arrays with phase-gradient modulation, referred to as metagratings (MGs). It is shown that due to the found reversed diffraction law, the interlayer interaction that can be simply adjusted by the gap size can produce a transition from optical beam splitting to high-efficiency asymmetric transmission of incident light from two opposite directions. Our results provide new physics and some advantages for designing subwavelength optical devices to realize efficient wavefront manipulation and one-way propagation.