随着激光雷达、引力波探测和光学原子钟等新技术的兴起和研究的不断深入，光学精密测量覆盖的应用领域的广度和深度都在拓展，传统自由运转的激光器其稳定性难以满足高精密测量的应用要求。超窄线宽、超低噪声和长期稳定的光源已成为该领域迫切追求的目标。光纤激光器具备结构紧凑、易于集成化和极限线宽窄等特点，通过噪声抑制和稳频技术输出超稳定、超窄线宽激光，近年来逐渐成为热点研究方向。本文从光纤激光器的噪声理论出发，介绍了光纤激光器的噪声来源、分类及测试方法，基于噪声理论，分类总结了光纤激光器强度噪声和频率噪声不同抑制技术的原理、发展历程及现阶段进展，并对窄线宽光纤激光器的发展趋势做了展望。

高功率窄线宽连续光纤激光器在科学研究、工业加工和**功防领域具有广泛的应用价值。在保证激光器输出质量的前提下，不断提升输出功率是高功率激光器不懈追求的关键目标之一。受激布里渊散射效应是制约激光功率提升的关键因素之一，本文针对受激布里渊散射效应展开，重点介绍基于光谱展宽的非线性效应抑制方法的不同方案与效果，综述利用相位调制展宽种子源光谱的发展历程，分析当前存在的问题并展望该技术的发展前景。

采用商用405 nm FP蓝光激光二极管，外加反射镜组成窄线宽外腔半导体激光器，在1 kHz调制周期下获得了无跳模连续调频范围1.5 GHz，相干长度大于10 m的激光输出。注入电流直接调制进行扫频，搭建空间光干涉仪组成调频连续波激光测距系统，采用10 m延时光纤辅助干涉仪对拍频信号进行重采样，以降低调制非线性对测距精度的影响。在水箱中模拟海水的衰减系数，在9.5 mW的探测信号功率下验证了5 m距离的探测，最大测量偏差0.051 m。

基于光纤受激布里渊散射的布里渊光纤激光器以其Hz量级甚至亚Hz量级的超窄线宽特性，自问世以来便吸引了广泛的研究关注。超窄线宽布里渊光纤激光器主要经历三个发展阶段，从最初的基于单模光纤谐振腔的布里渊光纤激光器，到向腔内引入掺铒光纤放大器的布里渊掺铒光纤激光器，再到利用一段普通掺铒光纤同时提供布里渊增益与线性增益的紧凑型布里渊掺铒光纤激光器，激光器的性能不断得到发展，相关理论研究也不断得到丰富。近10年，紧凑型布里渊掺铒光纤激光器的研究取得了一系列的进展，在高精度光纤传感等诸多领域有着十分重要的应用前景。按照三个发展阶段依次梳理和总结了布里渊光纤激光器的研究进展，重点阐述了紧凑型布里渊掺铒光纤激光器的机理、特性和应用，并对其未来发展方向进行展望。

This study analyzes the linewidth narrowing characteristics of free-space-running Brillouin lasers and investigates the approaches to achieve linewidth compression and power enhancement simultaneously. The results show that the Stokes linewidth behavior in a free-space-running Brillouin laser cavity is determined by the phase diffusion of the pump and the technical noise of the system. Experimentally, a Stokes light output with a power of 22.5 W and a linewidth of 3.2 kHz was obtained at a coupling mirror reflectivity of 96%, which is nearly 2.5 times compressed compared with the linewidth of the pump (7.36 kHz). In addition, the theorical analysis shows that at a pump power of 60 W and a coupling mirror reflectivity of 96%, a Stokes output with a linewidth of 1.6 kHz and up to 80% optical conversion efficiency can be achieved by reducing the insertion loss of the intracavity. This study provides a promising technical route to achieve high-power ultra-narrow linewidth special wavelength laser radiations.

提出了一种基于3×3耦合器的非平衡迈克尔逊干涉仪和相位信号解调的激光器线宽测量系统，基于相位信号解调的微分交叉相乘算法，可对所采信号进行高速实时处理，快速给出待测激光器的频率噪声信息和线宽值。该系统光路结构简单，无须主动控制，测量结果重复性高。考虑采样信号是否同时包含源信号的最大值和最小值这一重要问题，在仿真和实验两种情况下着重讨论了对源信号进行采样窗口为0.5，0.4，0.1，0.05和0.01 s的采样对所测试激光器频率噪声功率谱密度的影响。仿真和实验均表明，使用采样窗口为0.1，0.05和0.01 s未同时包含源信号的最大值和最小值的采样信号计算获得的激光频率噪声功率谱密度幅值偏高。进一步使用β-分割线法对1.5 μm波段商用激光器和实验室自制的2 μm波段激光器进行线宽测量验证，结果表明，使用同时包含源信号最大值和最小值的采样信号处理得到1.5 μm波段商用激光器的线宽值在测量时间为2 ms时为5 kHz，同时本结论可拓展至全波段适用。

Ultra-high spectral purity lasers are of considerable research interests in numerous fields such as coherent optical communication, microwave photonics, distributed optical fiber sensing, gravitational wave detection, optical clock, and so on. Herein, to deeply purify laser spectrum with compact size under normal condition, we propose a novel and practical idea to effectively suppress the spontaneous radiation of the laser cavity through weak external distributed perturbation. Subsequently, a laser configuration consisting of a main lasing cavity and an external distributed feedback cavity is proposed. The feedback signal with continuous spatio-temporal phase transition controlled by a distributed feedback structure is injected into the main cavity, which can deeply suppress the coupling rate from the spontaneous radiation to the stimulated emission and extremely purify the laser spectrum. Eventually, an ultra-narrow linewidth on-chip laser system with a side mode suppression ratio greater than 80 dB, an output linewidth of 10 Hz, and a relative intensity noise less than -150 dB/Hz is successfully obtained under normal conditions. The proposed concept in this work provides a new perspective for extreme regulation of laser parameters by using weak external distributed perturbation, which can be valid for various gain-type lasers with wide wavelength bands.

由于有色金属对蓝光激光光源具有良好的吸收效率，因此蓝光半导体激光器逐步成为研究热点。针对激光加工纯铜、纯金、高强铝等高反射金属材料的市场需求，采用体布拉格光栅作为外腔反馈元件，压窄激光线宽，稳定激光波长，并基于空间合束技术将6片单管蓝光激光芯片聚焦耦合进芯径为105 μm、数值孔径为0.22的光纤中，研制出窄线宽蓝光半导体激光光纤耦合模块。当工作电流为3 A时，该激光模块的输出功率为26.32 W，稳定输出波长为444.29 nm，光谱线宽被压至0.18 nm。

We report here the first hundred-watt continuous wave fiber gas laser in H₂-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) by stimulated Raman scattering. The pump source is a homemade narrow-linewidth fiber oscillator with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.15 nm at the maximum output power of 380 W. To efficiently and stably couple several-hundred-watt pump power into the hollow core and seal the gas, a hollow-core fiber end-cap is fabricated and used at the input end. A maximum power of 110 W at 1153 nm is obtained in a 5 m long hollow-core PCF filled with 36 bar H₂, and the conversion efficiency of the first Stokes power is around 48.9%. This work paves the way for high-power fiber gas Raman lasers.