Curved crystal imaging is an important means of plasma diagnosis. Due to the short wavelengths of high-energy X rays and the fixed lattice constant of the spherical crystal, it is difficult to apply the spherical crystal in high-energy X-ray imaging. In this study, we have developed a high-energy, high-resolution X-ray imager based on a toroidal crystal that can effectively correct astigmatism. We prepared a Ge 〈511〉 toroidal crystal for backlighting Mo Kα1 characteristic lines (∼17.48 keV) and verified its high-resolution imaging ability in high-energy X-ray region, achieving a spatial resolution of 5–10 µm in a field of view larger than 1.0 mm.

An optical probing of laser–plasma interactions can provide time-resolved measurements of plasma density; however, single-shot and multi-frame probing capabilities generally rely on complex setups with limited flexibility. We have demonstrated a new method for temporal resolution of the rapid dynamics ( $\sim 170$ fs) of plasma evolution within a single laser shot based on the generation of several consecutive probe pulses from a single beta barium borate-based optical parametric amplifier using a fraction of the driver pulse with the possibility to adjust the central wavelengths and delays of particular pulses by optical delay lines. The flexibility and scalability of the proposed experimental technique are presented and discussed.

提出了一种紧凑型偏振干涉仪，其能够在单一记录设备上同时获得等离子体干涉、偏振以及阴影图，通过单发测量即可求解磁感应强度。通过理论分析和参数仿真，确定了干涉仪的最优光学设置，明确了干涉仪的误差来源。干涉仪被成功应用于激光固体靶自生磁场的实验中，可成功测量到几百微米空间尺度、10 T量级的磁场。借助磁流体模拟与虚拟仪器建模，得到了磁场的合成诊断图像，模拟合成结果与实验结果显示出令人满意的一致性。这种紧凑型偏振干涉仪有望提升大激光装置的实验效率，也可以用于提高小激光装置的灵活性，能够有效降低磁场诊断的成本和风险。

受限于初始构型和光学加工能力，现有X射线成像诊断设备的最优空间分辨率被限制在3~5 μm。提出一种基于开放式Wolter构型的亚微米分辨率X射线显微镜。详细介绍了显微镜的光学结构、设计方法和关键参数。提出一种适用于Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性诊断的大视场、高分辨率X射线显微镜的光学设计方案。开展了基于光线追迹的构型验证、像质仿真和系统响应效率评价。显微镜设计工作能点为2.5 keV，有效视场为±0.35 mm，在全视场范围内空间分辨率优于1 μm，几何集光立体角为3.73×10^-5 sr，峰值响应效率为1.52×10^-5 sr。

开展了水中铜丝电爆炸引燃铝粉悬浮液的实验研究，将铝粉悬浮液置于有机玻璃管中，同轴心方向穿过200 μm的金属铜丝，经脉冲功率驱动后快速相变发生电爆炸为铝粉爆燃提供反应条件。通过比对不同质量球状铝粉（μm粒径）的悬浮液在相同脉冲电容器储能条件下的放电和冲击波参数，获得了电爆炸驱动铝粉放电特性和冲击波增强效应的规律。实验发现，电爆炸起爆铝粉的冲击波有两个明显的波峰，分别对应于金属丝电爆炸（一次冲击波）和由产物气体胀裂管壁产生的二次冲击波，且铝粉爆燃对二次冲击波的增强效应非常显著，在300 mg铝粉的悬浮液环境中，二次冲击波峰值达到2.77 MPa，是无铝粉添加环境中二次冲击波的2.25倍，冲击波冲量增强了约50%。对不同储能条件下200 mg铝粉的悬浮液环境中金属丝爆的冲击波进行了对比研究，发现随着驱动源储能的增加，电爆炸引发的主冲击波和二次冲击波压力均逐渐增大，600 J时分别达到了3.17和1.91 MPa，冲击波冲量也随储能增加而增加，在600 J储能条件时的冲量为41.12 Pa·s，储能条件约300 J时20.24 Pa·s冲量的2倍。

High-resolution X-ray flash radiography of Ti characteristic lines with a multilayer Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope was developed on the Shenguang-II (SG-II) Update laser facility. The microscope uses an optimized multilayer design of Co/C and W/C stacks to obtain a high reflection efficiency of the Ti characteristic lines while meeting the precise alignment requirement at the Cu Kα line. The alignment method based on dual simulated balls was proposed herein, which simultaneously realizes an accurate indication of the center field of view and the backlighter position. The optical design, multilayer coatings, and alignment method of the microscope and the experimental result of Ti flash radiography of the Au-coned CH shell target on the SG-II Update are described.

脉冲电流驱动金属丝电爆炸可产生具有较高能量密度的等离子体，并伴随脉冲电磁辐射、强冲击波等效应，广泛应用于Z箍缩、电热化学**、油气助采等领域；与纯金属相比，合金具备电阻率高、成分可调、相变复杂等特点，在电爆炸效应参数的调控方面具有很大潜力。开展了大气空气介质中铜、镍、铜镍（康铜）丝在微秒时间尺度电脉冲作用下电爆炸实验研究，通过放电参数与自辐射图像诊断，获取电爆炸过程放电参数与时空演变的特性规律，得到脉冲电流作用下合金电爆炸在相变与等离子体方面的特征。实验发现，在电爆炸早期，铜镍合金的高电阻率能够提高能量沉积效率：铜52%、镍74%、铜镍合金78%；而相爆开始后，合金丝负载则更接近纯镍丝负载性能。等离子体通道早期膨胀速率在5 mm/μs量级，随后迅速衰减；合金丝等离子体膨胀时间更久，击穿后平均电阻率上升缓慢，且等离子体辐射与金属爆炸产物在空间尺度上存在关联性。特别地，铜镍合金气溶胶分层同时具有横向和纵向特征（特征尺度10⁻¹ mm），但整体较铜气溶胶更为均匀。