微螺旋结构在微机器人、手性超材料中有重要应用，不同的应用对螺旋结构有着不一样的要求。基于飞秒激光双光子聚合技术可以直写任意三维微结构，然而，单焦点逐点直写的效率较低。基于结构光场的单步曝光方案能够实现高效制备，但目前受限于复杂而专业的光场调控技术，仅能制备较有限的微螺旋结构。针对微尺度多螺旋结构，本文提出了一种基于动态多焦点的制备方案。该方案将光斑的螺旋运动轨迹分解为由动态全息图控制的圆周运动和由z轴位移台控制的线性扫描，最终成功制备了直径、螺线数、螺距与手性等特征灵活可控的多重微螺旋结构。所提微螺旋结构制备方案兼具经济性及高效灵活的优势，对于微机器人、手性超材料和生物工程等领域的相关研究具有较大的参考价值。

双光子聚合加工技术是基于双光子吸收效应的一种新型的微纳制造技术，已被广泛应用于微纳光子学、微机电系统、组织工程等领域。采用双光子聚合加工技术制备的3D水凝胶微结构形貌可控，而且具有高精度、适当的刚度以及良好的生物相容性等优势，可以更好地在体外模拟体内微环境，因而在生物医学领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力。本文简要介绍了双光子聚合加工技术的原理，综述了水溶性光引发剂的研究进展，着重介绍了双光子聚合加工技术制备水凝胶的研究现状及其在仿生学、生物医学等领域的应用。

The manipulation of structured light beams requires simultaneous spatial modulation of amplitude and phase. Based on the double-phase holography (DPH) algorithm, we demonstrate an efficient reconstruction of Bessel beams with arbitrary on-axis intensity. Also, the off-axis DPH method enables more than doubled laser energy utilization compared with the widely-used off-axis phase wrapping modulation method. The DPH algorithm is also used in two-photon polymerization to enable the rapid fabrication of microtube arrays, ortho-hexagonal scaffolds, and 2D patterned microstructures. This work gives experimental proof to show the powerful feasibility of the DPH method in constructing economic adaptive laser processing systems.

微型软体机器人通常具有结构尺寸小、柔性可变形等特征，在生物传感以及靶向载药等方面具有广阔的应用前景。刺激响应型水凝胶材料对外界刺激具有膨胀收缩的能力，是一种优异的微型软体机器人本体材料。目前针对提升微型软体机器人变形能力的研究主要聚焦于材料性能的提升和加工工艺的优化上，而通过微型软体机器人关节结构优化来提升其变形性能的研究相对较少。鉴于此，笔者提出了一种基于双光子聚合加工的双层膜弧形关节的设计方法，有效提升了双层膜关节的形变能力。通过改变双光子聚合过程中的激光功率和扫描速度，可有效调节pH响应材料的溶胀响应特性，进而获得双层膜关节的变形或驱动能力。进一步，笔者制备了圆心角不同的双层膜弧形关节，结果表明：不同圆心角的双层膜弧形关节在pH响应下的形变能力具有明显差异，当圆心角为240°时形变率最大，形变率是传统直角形双层膜关节的6.73倍。基于双层膜设计和构建的弧形关节具有良好的稳定性和形变能力，为微型机器人的高效驱动提供了新的设计思路。

模板引导的毛细力驱动自组装技术逐渐被认为是制造一系列微纳米结构的一种替代方法。毛细力自组装微结构的稳定性取决于结构接触力和支撑力的竞争，接触面积越大，接触力越大。当接触面积大于临界值时，微结构的组装行为不可逆。利用飞秒激光打印具有各向异性的微结构，在不同温度的调控下实现其多方向运动，并借助温度响应水凝胶的反向变形能力，实现了线接触微结构的可逆自组装。此外还探究了该方法在微执行器、微传感器方向的应用。结果表明，通过改变环境的温度能够实现微结构的弯曲变形，且利用飞秒激光双光子加工的灵活性和毛细力驱动的简便性，可以实现可逆变形的微图案以及功能丰富的微传感结构。

首先简述了双光子聚合3D打印技术的原理及特点；然后介绍了3D打印的衍射光栅、光子晶体、仿生结构及单个微纳结构等代表性结构色方案，并重点回顾了立体、动态结构色信息的呈现方式及其在光学防伪、信息存储和光学传感等领域中的应用；最后总结了双光子聚合3D打印技术的研究现状及存在的问题，并对其未来的研究方向及应用前景进行了展望。

One-dimensional Airy beams allow the generation of thin light-sheets without scanning, simplifying the complex optical arrangements of light-sheet microscopes (LSMs) with an extended field of view (FOV). However, their uniaxial acceleration limits the maximum numerical aperture of the detection objective in order to keep both the active and inactive axes within the depth of field. This problem is particularly pronounced in miniaturized LSM implementations, such as those for endomicroscopy or multi-photon neural imaging in freely moving animals using head-mounted miniscopes. We propose a new method to generate a static Airy light-sheet with biaxial acceleration, based on a novel phase profile. This light-sheet has the geometry of a spherical shell whose radius of curvature can be designed to match the field curvature of the micro-objective. We present an analytical model for the analysis of the light-sheet parameters and verify it by numerical simulations in the paraxial regime. We also discuss a micro-optical experimental implementation combining gradient-index optics with a 3D-nanoprinted, fully refractive phase plate. The results confirm that we are able to match detection curvatures with radii in the range of 1.5 to 2 mm.

In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization (2PP) experimental system, optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality. To solve this issue, a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the adaptive laser processing system with a single phase-only spatial light modulator. 2PP fabrications using corrected high-order Bessel beams with the above solution have been conducted, and high-quality microstructure arrays of microtubes with 20 µm diameter have been rapidly manufactured. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the beam intensity distributions and 2PP results before and after aberration corrections.

Overview: Femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization (TPP) micro-nanofabrication technology is a new type of three-dimensional lithography technology that integrates nonlinear optics, ultra-fast pulsed laser, microscopic imaging, ultra-high-precision positioning, three-dimensional (3D) graphics CAD modeling, and photochemical materials. It has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost, high resolution, true 3D, and so on. Different from the technical route of shortening the wavelength of the traditional lithography, this TPP technology breaks through the optical diffraction limit using the ultrafast laser in the near-infrared and the nonlinear optical effect of the interaction between the laser and the material. TPP can achieve true 3D fabrication of complex 3D structures. After the femtosecond pulse laser is tightly focused in space, photopolymerization is initiated by the two-photon absorption(TPA), which can limit the fabrication area in the center of the focus. The interaction time of the ultrashort pulse with the material is much lower than the thermal relaxation of the material, avoiding the photothermal effect. The lateral linewidth can be reduced to about 100 nm due to the strong threshold characteristics of the two-photon absorption process. Thus, TPP is an ideal fabrication method in the field of 3D micro-nanostructure. Since 2001, Kawata’s team has used a near-infrared femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 780 nm to fabricate a "nanobull" with the size of red blood cells. It fully demonstrated the advantages of TPP in the preparation of three-dimensional micro-nano structures. At the same time, a polymer nanodot with a size of 120 nm was fabricated, which was only 1/7 of the laser wavelength, breaking the optical diffraction limit in this study. Since then, scientists from various countries have improved the line width, resolution, and other parameters of 3D structure by continuously improving the materials, structure, processing technology and light field control, and other aspects. At the same time, with the continuous development and improvement of the 3D nanostructure fabrication technology, the advantages of TPP technology are also reflected in some application fields, such as micro-optical devices, integrated optical devices, micro-electromechanical systems, and biomedical devices. This paper will systematically introduce the femtosecond laser TPP micro-nanofabrication technology, including the fabricating principle, the development of fabricating methods, and its research overview in many application fields. Finally, its existing problems and future development and application prospects are discussed.

The Mathieu beam is a typical nondiffracting beam characterized by its propagation invariance and self-reconstruction. These extraordinary properties have given rise to potentialities for applications such as optical communications, optical trapping, and material processing. However, the experimental generation of Mathieu–Gauss beams possessing high quality and compactness is still challenging. In this work, even and helical Mathieu phase plates with different orders m and ellipticity parameters q are fabricated by femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization. The experimentally generated nondiffracting beams are propagation-invariant in several hundred millimeters, which agree with numerical simulations. This work may promote the miniaturization of the application of nondiffracting beams in micronanooptics.