基于传统光学成像系统的质心定位原理的角度测量技术一般存在测量精度的上限,约为像素的1/100。因此,要提高角度测量精度一般需要采用更长的镜头焦距和更大靶面的相机,增加了体积、重量和功耗,不利于设备的小型化,也不利于在对体积、重量和功耗有限制的平台(例如卫星和飞机等)上应用。基于计算干涉测量的远距离目标高精度角度测量技术,利用光学干涉的方法将目标光的角度变化转换为干涉条纹相位变化。因相位变化的测量精度可通过成熟的插值方法实现1/1000周期的精度,故干涉测量的角度精度相比传统光学方法大大提高。本文主要介绍基于计算干涉测量的远距离目标高精度角度测量技术的基本原理、主要特点、研究进展和存在的难点,希望通过该文引起广大同行的研究兴趣,一起推动该技术的快速发展和工程应用。

The angle measurement technique based on the centroid positioning principle of the traditional optical imaging system generally has an upper limit of the measurement accuracy, it is about 1/100 of a pixel. Thus, in order to improve the angle measurement accuracy, cameras with the longer lens focal length and the larger detection array generally need to be adopted. But it increases the size, the weight, and the power consumption. It is not conducive to the miniaturization of equipment and the application on platforms with limited size, weight, and power consumption (such as satellites and aircrafts). The high accurate angle measurement technique for long distance target based on the computational interferometry converts the angle change of target light into the phase change of interference fringe by the optical interference method. Because the measurement accuracy of the phase change can be achieved as low as 1/1000 period by the mature interpolation method, the angle accuracy of interferometry is greatly improved compared with the traditional optical method. This paper mainly introduces the basic principle, the main characteristics, the research progress, and the existing difficulties of the high accurate angle measurement technique for long distance target based on the computational interferometry. It is hoped that the introduction of this paper will arouse the research interest of the majority of peers and promote the rapid development and the engineering application of this technique.