腔衰荡吸收光谱技术是一种灵敏度高、选择性强、响应速度快的直接吸收光谱检测技术，随着激发光源、腔体结构、调制方式等的不断改进和拓展，该技术的最小噪声吸收系数可达到10^-12 cm^-1·Hz^-1/2。本文针对腔衰荡吸收光谱检测装置的工作原理、技术特点和国内外典型应用进行综述，分析了激发光源、腔体结构以及调制方式的多样性对腔衰荡吸收光谱检测技术的影响，最后结合腔衰荡吸收光谱技术在不同领域的典型应用对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。

Cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy is a direct absorption spectroscopy detection technology with high sensitivity, strong selectivity, and fast response speed. This technology has the smallest noise absorption coefficient of 10^-12 cm^-1·Hz^-1/2 due to continuous improvement and expansion of excitation light source, cavity structure, and modulation method etc. The working principle, technical characteristics, and typical applications of cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy detection equipment are summarized in this study, and the effects of the excitation light source, cavity structure, and modulation methods on cavity ring-down spectroscopy detection technology are analyzed. Finally, the technology's application prospect is prospected by merging the typical applications of cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy in different fields.