高功率超短脉冲激光器在强场物理、精密加工及**应用等各种领域均有广泛的应用前景。随着半导体泵浦源和光纤制造工艺的进步，超短脉冲光纤激光器的输出功率得到了极大提升，且由于光纤具有散热性好、环境稳定性好、光束质量好等优势，高功率超短脉冲光纤激光器及其放大压缩技术在近几年得到了越来越多研究人员的关注。聚焦于目前高功率超短脉冲光纤激光器及其放大压缩技术的前沿研究，综述了目前产生高功率、高能量超短光纤脉冲种子源的几种新方法（如Mamyshev锁模、“9字腔”锁模和时空锁模），并介绍了相干合束和脉冲非线性压缩技术在光纤中产生高功率超短脉冲的最新进展。

High power ultra-short lasers have a wide range of applications in fields such as high-field physics， precise processing， and national defense. The output power of ultra-short fiber lasers has been improved significantly with the development of diode pump sources and fiber manufacturing process. Besides， the high power ultra-short fiber laser and its amplification and compression technologies have attracted more and more interest in recent years due to the advantages of fibers including good heat dissipation， high environment stability， good beam quality， and so on. This paper focuses on the advanced research of high power ultra-short fiber lasers and its amplification and compression technology. Several new methods， such as Mamyshev mode-locking，“9-type cavity” mode-locking， and spatiotemporal mode-locking， for producing high power and high energy ultra-short fiber lasers are reviewed. The recent progress of coherent combination and non-linear compression technology to produce high power ultra-short pulse in fibers is introduced.