机载激光3D探测成像是通过激光主动成像产生目标的角-角-距、角-角-速度3D图像的一种新的探测成像技术。本文重点阐述了机载激光3D探测成像系统的原理、功能和系统的组成。介绍了该系统在**和民用两大领域的应用，详细地讨论了近几年机载激光3D探测成像技术的国内外发展现状及动态，总结了该项技术的发展方向。认为国外的机载激光3D探测系统正向远距离、高分辨率、轻量化、低功耗、高实时性和人眼安全方向发展，而目前国内的相关研究仍处于实验室阶段，与国外相比还存在一定差距。文章最后以用户需求为例，从设计的角度对机载激光3D探测成像系统进行了分析，讨论了该系统在测距机制、扫描机构、探测器、数据处理和显示等方面的处理。

Airborne 3D imaging lidar is a new technique to produce a angle-angle-distance, angle-angle-velocity 3D image by laser imaging. This article emphasizes the mechanism, functions and configurations of the airborne 3D imaging lidar systems as well as their applications which includes both the military and civil fields. Then, it states the current situation and developing directions of the airborne 3D imaging lidar system in detail. It summarizes that the airborne 3D imaging lidar in foreign couritries will make advances on long distance, high resolution, low power consume, real time and laser safety, However, the current domestic research is still at the laboratory stage, and there is still a gap compared with other foreign countries. Some of the key technologies need to be solved. Finally, by taking a 3D image lidar system from a user for an example, it analysizes the requrirements of the system for the range measurement, scanning structures, detectors and dada processing and display.