随机分布反馈光纤激光器(RDFFL)是近几年才发展起来的一种新型光纤激光器。它在结构上区别于传统激光器，即无反射镜，激光的反馈通过光纤中随机分布的背向瑞利散射效应实现，因此是一种随机激光器。RDFFL通过光纤中的分布式拉曼散射效应获得增益，可实现稳定的、空间不相干的连续激光输出，被认为是一种重要的新光源，可用于非线性光学、光通信和传感等领域。对RDFFL的研究进展进行了综述，阐明了其工作原理，从理论上分析了其工作特性，并分析了其应用与发展前景。

Random distributed feedback fiber laser (RDFFL) has been developed as a new type of fiber laser in recent years. RDFFL belongs to random lasers since the feedback of laser light depends on the random distributed fiber Rayleigh scattering, rather than reflection mirrors. It achieving gain through distributed fiber Raman scattering, is regarded as a new light source with stable, incoherent continuous-wave (CW) output, with potential applications in nonlinear optics, optical communications and sensing areas. The working principle, research progress and applications of RDFFL are introduced.