激光清洗作为环保节能的绿色清洗方法，在钢铁材料表面除漆领域具有重要的应用前景。利用波长为1064 nm，重复频率为0.5~50 kHz可调的声光调Q准连续Nd:YAG激光对钢基底表面漆层样品进行了清洗实验和工作机理研究。模拟和实验结果表明，在钢基底表面漆层脉冲激光去除中，阈值清洗条件下有效清洗机理是振动效应，而有基底损伤时有效清洗机理是振动效应和烧蚀效应；对于厚为50 μm漆层的钢铁基底，在平均功率20 W以上且搭接率为80%时，能够完全清除基板表面油漆而不损伤其基体。在保证激光功率密度和扫描搭接率适当的同时，通过提高激光器输出功率、脉冲重复频率或增加光斑直径，可以获得更好的清洗效果和更高的清洗效率。

As an environment-friendly low energy-consumptional green cleaning method, laser cleaning has important applications in paint removal. The removal of paint from steel substrate with a 1064 nm acoustic optical Q-switched quasi-continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser is reported. The influences of laser peak power density on the cleaning result and substrate damage are investigated by numerical simulations and experiments. And the effect of the overlap ratio of laser spots on the cleaning result is investigated. The results show that, during the process of steel substrate paint stripping, the effective mechanism is vibration effect under the condition of threshold cleaning, and it is the combination of vibration effect and ablation effect under the condition of damage cleaning. For the paint with a thickness of 50 μm on the steel substrate, average power of 20 W and more than 80% overlap ratio of laser spot are effective to remove the paint while keeping the substrate undamaged. With the increase of laser power, repetition rate and the radius of laser spot, the cleaning efficiency increases and the cleaning becomes more effective.