研究了饼肥, 绿肥, 秸秆肥三种处理在等氮等磷条件下对胡敏酸结构特性的影响, 采用元素分析, 显微红外, 固态13C-NMR三种分析方法进行结构解析, 结果表明: 不同施肥处理的胡敏酸在化学组成和结构上类似, 但还有很多明显的差别。 (1)饼肥处理的胡敏酸H和N含量最高, 绿肥处理的胡敏酸含O量最大, 秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含C量最高 (2)红外分析显示, 三种处理的胡敏酸均含有蛋白质及碳水化合物, 饼肥处理的胡敏酸含氨基化合物最多, 绿肥处理的胡敏酸含羟基, 脂肪烃含量最大, 秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸含醇, 酚含量最高; (3)固态 13C-NMR数据表明饼肥处理的胡敏酸含有最多的羧基碳, 绿肥处理的胡敏酸含有烷基碳, 羰基碳最多。 秸秆肥处理的胡敏酸烷氧基碳, 芳香碳含量最大。

The present article used soil humic acid as research object to study effects on the structure characteristics of soil humic acid under the condition of applying cake fertilizer, green manure, straw fertilizer with the same contents of nitrogen and phosphorus. It used element analysis, micro infrared, and solid 13C-NMR for structure analysis, the results indicated that: The chemical composition and structure characteristics of humic acids were similar, but they also had many obvious differences. (1) The atomic ratios of H/C, O/C, and C/N were all different for the humic acids, the soil humic acid of cake fertilizer processing had the highest contents of H and N, green manure processing of soil humic acid contained the highest content of O, while straw fertilizer processing of soil humic acid contained highest content of C. (2) Infrared analysis displayed that the three soil humic acids contained protein. Cake fertilizer processing of soil humic acid contained the most amino compounds, green manure processing of soil humic acid contained the maximum contents of hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbon, while straw fertilizer processing of soil humic acid contained the highest contents of alcohol and phenol. (3) Solid 13C-NMR data indicated that cake fertilizer processing of soil humic acid contained the most carboxyl carbon, green manure processing of soil humic acid contained the highest contents of alkyl carbon and carbonyl carbon, while straw fertilizer processing of soil humic acids had the most alkoxy carbon and aromatic carbon.