以制备空心玻璃微球的前体溶胶和硅油为原料，采用实验观测和数值模拟的方法，对T型微通道内溶胶乳液形成过程进行研究。基于液滴的受力分析，建立了液滴形成过程的数学模型，探讨了液滴大小的变化规律。研究结果表明：对于给定的物料体系和T型微通道，通过改变两相流量可以有效地控制液滴尺寸；在相同的分散相流量条件下，增大连续相流量可以减小液滴尺寸，但连续相流量大到一定程度后，这种效果逐渐减弱；在给定的连续相流量条件下，分散相流量越大，液滴直径越大；利用数学模型计算出的液滴直径与实验值偏差在10%左右。根据模拟结果和摄像分析，液滴产生过程经历了静态长大和缩颈剥离两个主要阶段。

A T-shaped microchannel is efficient for monodispersed droplet formation. In order to get a better understanding, the droplet formation process was investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. Silicon oil and precursory sol for hollow glass microspheres were used as the continuous phase and the dispersed phase respectively. A numerical model of the droplet formation was established on the basis of force analysis for a single droplet. Effects of the flow rates on the droplet size were investigated. The results show that the droplet diameters can be controlled by adjusting the flow rates of both phases. Droplet diameters decrease with the increase of continuous phase flow rate at a given dispersed phase flow rate. There is a range beyond which the effect of the continuous phase flow rate becomes weak. The droplet diameters increase with the increase of dispersed phase flow rate. Droplet diameters calculated by the numerical model are close to those by experiment with a deviation around 10%. Based on the simulation and the video, the droplet experiences two phases, namely, the droplet growing under a quasi-steady situation and the stripping. The results help with a better understanding about the droplet formation in a T-shaped microchannel. They also provide good reference for size control of gel microspheres fabricated by sol-microemulsion-gel process.