为提高自适应光学人眼波像差校正和视网膜成像效果，研究了人眼动态波像差的特性。利用采样频率为300 Hz、曝光时间为3 ms的哈特曼传感器，搭建波像差探测系统。误差分析和模拟人眼实验表明，该系统对动态波像差的测量误差均方根（RMS）均值仅为0.01λ。人眼波像差探测结果表明，人眼存在150 Hz以上的波像差，可能对自适应波像差校正造成影响。这种影响可通过延长探测和成像曝光时间的方法来抑制。为了达到衍射极限，对于稳定盯视状态下的人眼，3 ms探测曝光、探测校正周期不超过45 ms的自适应系统，其校正残差均方根在λ/14以下；当曝光时间增加到6 ms时，该周期可放宽至62 ms。研究了倾斜像差的波动对成像的影响，确定了高分辨率人眼眼底成像中，成像曝光时间最长不能超过9 ms。上述结果表明，将自适应光学视网膜成像的探测曝光与成像曝光时间均定在6 ms左右，可获得更好的校正和成像效果。

Temporal properties of ocular wave aberrations are researched to improve the performance of eye aberration correction based on adaptive optical systems and the result for retinal imaging. Using a Shack\|Hartmann wavefront sensor at a sampling rate of 330 Hz and exposure time of 3 ms, an optical system is constructed to detect human eye′s wave aberration. The averaged root mean square (RMS) of detecting errors of the system is proved to be 0.01λ by error analysis and an experiment on schematic eye. Detection results show that the existence of fluctuations of ocular wave aberration above 150 Hz can probably impact the performance of adaptive optics systems for wave aberration correction. These fluctuations can be reduced by increasing the detection and exposure times of the detector. In order to reach the diffraction limit, for eyes in the state of steady gaze, correction residual error RMS of adaptive optical system is less than λ/14, when detecting exposure time is 3 ms and detecting correction period is less than 45 ms. while the detecting correction period can increase to 62 ms as long as the exposure time is set to 6 ms. Analysis on tilt aberration proves that exposure time of high resolution retinal imaging should be less than 9 ms to avoid horizontal movements. Weighting the tradeoff between aberration fluctuation and horizontal movements, exposure times of detection and imaging are both set to about 6 ms.