等离子体排灰气处理系统是聚变反应装置氘氚燃料循环系统中极为重要的环节。该系统的主要功能是从反应后的排灰气中回收剩余的氘氚燃料, 并处理壁材料净化、系统维护等非正常运行模式以及分析与辅助系统中产生的含氚杂质气体。介绍了国际上聚变堆等离子体排灰气的组成和主要处理工艺, 简述了钯膜分离、膜反应及催化反应-膜分离、电解反应、分解反应及氧化-分解等各关键单元技术的基本原理和研究进展, 并进行了分析和评价, 提出了目前国内在该领域需要开展的研究工作。

Tokamak exhaust processing system is an important part of deuterium-tritium fuel cycle system in fusion devices. Its main function is to recover unspent deuterium-tritium fuel from the exhaust gas. Moreover, tritiated gaseous wastes from various other sources are also accepted and decontaminated by the Tokamak exhaust processing system, including the deuterium or helium stream during wall conditioning (“glow discharge cleaning”), the fluids from the retrieval of tritium from plasma facing components and co-deposits, the tritiated gases yielded during system maintenance, as well as the gases from analytic and auxiliary systems. In this review, the progress in Tokamak exhaust processing technology is summarized, including the compositions of Tokamak exhaust gas and the main methods of Tokamak exhaust processing. The principles and progress of key subsystems technologies in Tokamak exhaust processing system are introduced, such as palladium membrane permeation, palladium membrane reaction and catalytic reaction-palladium membrane permeation, electrolysis reaction, decomposition and oxidization-decomposition reaction. After that the key technologies are analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the main problems and the gap between domestic and foreign development in this field are presented, and necessary research work in the future is proposed.