以玉米秸秆粉末为原料, 浓磷酸为反应催化剂, 选取多种有机溶剂为液化剂, 170 ℃的条件下, 在高压反应釜中制备秸秆生物质油。 考察了三乙酸甘油酯复配碳酸乙烯酯、 甘油复配碳酸乙烯酯以及聚乙二醇复配碳酸乙烯酯(均为6∶1ω/ω)三种不同的混合液化剂对液化得率和生物质油产品性能的影响。 采用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析秸秆生物质油的化学组成; 傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析原料和液化残渣的主要官能团。 实验结果表明聚乙二醇与碳酸乙烯酯混合溶剂液化时, 秸秆生物质油得率为97.84%, 三乙酸甘油酯与碳酸乙烯酯混合液化时得率为80.20%, 甘油与碳酸乙烯酯混合液化时得率为36.97%。 FTIR分析结果表明, 以聚乙二醇与碳酸乙烯酯混合溶剂为液化剂, 秸秆中纤维素、 半纤维素和木素的特征官能团几乎全部消失, 液化效果最好。 GC-MS分析结果表明, 生物质油的成分复杂, 主要包括有机酸和酮类、 醇和醚类、 芳香类、 糖类和酯类等化合物。

With concentrated phosphoric acid as catalyst and various organic solvents as liquefying agents, corn stalk powder was liquefied into bio-oil in an autoclave, under the condition of 170 ℃. Analysis was conducted to throw light on the liquefying effects of three different agents; they are glycerol triacetate with ethylene carbonate, glycerol with ethylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol with ethylene carbonate(6∶1 ω/ω), and the properties of the biomass liquefaction oil products. FT-IR was applied to examine raw material and residues, whose chemical compositions were further analyzed with the use of GC-MS. The results of experiments indicated that the liquefaction yield of polyethylene glycol was 97.84%, the yield of glycerol triacetate was 80.20%, the yield of glycerol were36.97%. FT-IR analysis showed that the functional groups of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin was disappeared and liquefaction is best when polyethylene glycol with ethylene carbonate was used as the liquefaction agent. GC-MS analysis showed that the oil composition produced in this way is complex, contains organic acids and ketones, alcohols and ethers, aromatic, sugars and esters compounds.