近些年, 飞秒激光成丝诸多非线性效应及其潜在应用逐渐成为超短脉冲激光领域研究的重要方向之一。飞秒激光成丝诱导水汽凝结、降雪和破碎冰晶二次增长等方面的探索研究, 为人类寻找主动控制天气的新技术指明了方向, 具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。首先, 重点分析梳理了飞秒激光成丝诱导形成水凝物的观测和机理研究进展; 然后, 讨论了飞秒激光诱导水凝物形成机理研究中尚待解决的关键科学问题, 以及对该领域未来发展方向做了展望。

In recent years, various nonlinear effects associated with femtosecond laser filamentation and their potential applications had become one of the important research directions in the field of ultrashort and ultraintense pulsed laser technology. Femtosecond laser filamentation-induced condensation of water vopor, snowfall and secondary ice multiplication opened up new perspective for weather modification, which was of great scientific significance and application prospects. Firstly, the research progress of the basic observation and mechanism of laser-induced hydrometeors were analyzed. Then, challenges in the mechanism research of femtosecond laser filamentation-induced hydrometeors had been discussed and prospects of the development direction of the active utilization of intense laser atmospheric effects were also summarized.