余家坝遗址位于重庆市开州区(原开县)渠口镇钦云村余家坝东北部,是重庆三峡库区最重要的巴人遗存之一。自20世纪80年代该遗址被发现以后,先后进行四次发掘,出土随葬品中以青铜兵器为特色。本文利用超景深显微镜和激光拉曼光谱仪对重庆开州区余家坝遗址出土10件青铜剑的腐蚀产物进行无损形貌观察和结构分析,并探索其腐蚀原因,以期为后续开展的保护修复提供理论依据,同时为巴式青铜兵器腐蚀研究提供借鉴。分析结果显示,该批青铜剑的腐蚀可分为两类,第一类表面相对光滑、致密,其主要腐蚀产物为孔雀石、锡石和赤铜矿;第二类表面附着较多锈蚀,腐蚀产物种类较多,除孔雀石、锡石、赤铜矿外,还发现有磷铜矿、蓝磷铜矿、氯铜矿、水胆矾和磷氯铅矿等腐蚀物。在后续开展的保护工作中,应根据不同的腐蚀产物种类采取相对应的保护修复措施。

Yujiaba site is one of the most important Ba sites in the Three Gorges area.It is located at the northeast of Yujiaba,Kaizhou Disctrict,Chongqing and was discovered in 1980s.Burial objects characterized by bronze weapons have been unearthed after four excavations.This article applies non-destructive analysis with high-fidelity optical microscope and Raman spectroscope to observe the appearance and explore the structure of corrosion products on 10 bronze swords excavated from Yujiaba site.The result shows that the bronze swords can be classified into two categories:one with category with smooth and compact surfaces,the corrosion products of which are malachite,cassiterite and cuprite,the other one contains corrosion products,namingly malachite(Cu2CO3(OH)2),azurite(Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2),cuprite (Cu2O),cerussite (PbCO3),pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl),mimetite (Pb5(AsO4)3Cl),brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6),cassiterit e(SnO2)and atacamite (Cu2Cl(OH)3).In addition,this article analyzes the cause of corrosion and tries to provide evidence for further conservation and restoration of those cultural relics and related research on corrosion of Ba bronze weapons.