近年来,多孔石墨烯纳米材料以其独特的物理和化学性质以及在生物、材料、能源、信息等领域的巨大潜在应用,受到了全世界的广泛关注。然而,多孔石墨烯的合成通常采用高温处理或多步骤的化学合成方法,工艺复杂,且难以形成图案化结构。2014年,美国学者提出了激光诱导石墨烯技术,用以实现低成本的图案化多孔石墨烯结构。激光诱导石墨烯技术是一种在普通大气环境中使用激光器在碳前体材料上进行直接激光写入制备三维多孔石墨烯材料的技术。该技术将三维石墨烯的制备和图案化进行了结合,并且不需要传统的湿化学步骤,降低了生产成本。该技术自问世以来就激起了人们的研究兴趣,人们对激光诱导石墨烯的形成机制以及其在能源、传感、环境等领域的应用进行了探究。本文整理了激光诱导石墨烯的各种合成方案,包括激光诱导石墨烯的质量控制、表面特性以及电导率等性质的控制,以及将不同的碳前体转化为激光诱导石墨烯的方法。基于激光诱导石墨烯的特性,本文重点介绍了激光诱导石墨烯近年来在超级电容、传感器、自清洁过滤器、摩擦电纳米发电机以及太赫兹调制器件上的应用。最后,本文对基于激光诱导石墨烯的吸波材料以及超表面的发展前景进行了展望。

In recent years, porous graphene nanomaterials have attracted significant attention owing to their unique physical and chemical properties as well as their numerous potential applications in the fields of biology, materials, energy, and information technology. However, the synthesis of porous graphene usually requires high-temperature treatment or multistep chemical synthesis methods, making the process complicated. It is also challenging to form a patterned structure. In 2014, American researchers proposed laser-induced graphene （LIG） technology to achieve low-cost patterned porous graphene structures. LIG technology is a method that prepares three-dimensional porous graphene material by direct laser writing on a carbon precursor material using a laser in an ordinary atmospheric environment. This technology combines the preparation and patterning progress of three-dimensional graphene. It does not require traditional wet chemical steps, thus reducing the cost of production. Since its advent, LIG has stimulated researcher’s interest. Researchers have explored the LIG formation mechanism and its applications in various fields, such as energy, sensing, and environment. This study summarizes LIG’s various synthesis schemes, including controlling the LIG product quality, surface properties, electrical conductivity, and methods for converting different carbon precursors to LIG. Based on the characteristics of LIG, the application of LIG in supercapacitors, sensors, self-cleaning filters, triboelectric nanogenerators, and terahertz modulation devices has been investigated in recent years. Finally, this study prospects the development of LIG-based absorbing materials and metasurfaces.