This Letter describes an approach to encode complex-amplitude light waves with spatiotemporal double-phase holograms (DPHs) for overcoming the limit of the space-bandwidth product (SBP) delivered by existing methods. To construct DPHs, two spatially macro-pixel encoded phase components are employed in the SBP-preserved resampling of complex holograms. Four generated sub-DPHs are displayed sequentially in time for high-quality holographic image reconstruction without reducing the image size or discarding any image terms when the DPHs are interweaved. The reconstructed holographic images contain more details and less speckle noise, with their signal-to-noise ratio and structure similarity index being improved by 14.64% and 78.79%, respectively.

Computationally, the calculation of computer-generated holograms is extremely expensive, and the image quality deteriorates when reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) holographic video from a point-cloud model comprising a huge number of object points. To solve these problems, we implement herein a spatiotemporal division multiplexing method on a cluster system with 13 GPUs connected by a gigabit Ethernet network. A performance evaluation indicates that the proposed method can realize a real-time holographic video of a 3D object comprising ～1,200,000 object points. These results demonstrate a clear 3D holographic video at 32.7 frames per second reconstructed from a 3D object comprising 1,064,462 object points.

In this Letter, a method for shape visualization of small objects (microscopic) in the form of a hologram is presented. It consists of a standard optical set-up for small object registration (i.e., stereoscopic or biological microscope). The focus stacking technique is used to obtain a series of images with increased depth of field and on them a shape reconstruction procedure (structure from motion, SfM) is made. With use of a dense cloud of points, a sequence of parallax-related images suitable for Geola’s digital holographic printing is generated. The holographic printer produces single-parallax holographic (full three-dimensional) images of real or virtual objects.

Systems containing multiple graphics-processing-unit (GPU) clusters are difficult to use for real-time electroholography when using only a single spatial light modulator because the transfer of the computer-generated hologram data between the GPUs is bottlenecked. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose a rapid GPU packing scheme that significantly reduces the volume of the required data transfer. The proposed method uses a multi-GPU cluster system connected with a cost-effective gigabit Ethernet network. In tests, we achieved real-time electroholography of a three-dimensional (3D) video presenting a point-cloud 3D object made up of approximately 200,000 points.

Lens-less Fourier-transform holography has been actively studied because of its simple optical structure and its single-shot recording. However, a low-contrast interferogram between the reference and object waves limits its signal to noise ratio. Here, multi-reference lens-less Fourier-transform holography with a Greek-ladder sieve array is proposed in the experiment and demonstrated effectively to improve the signal to noise ratio. The key technique in our proposed method is a Greek-ladder sieve array, which acts as not only a wave-front modulator but also a beam splitter. With advantages of the common path, single shot, and no need for a lens, this system has enormous potential in imaging and especially in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray holography.

We demonstrate real-time three-dimensional (3D) color video using a color electroholographic system with a cluster of multiple-graphics processing units (multi-GPU) and three spatial light modulators (SLMs) corresponding respectively to red, green, and blue (RGB)-colored reconstructing lights. The multi-GPU cluster has a computer-generated hologram (CGH) display node containing a GPU, for displaying calculated CGHs on SLMs, and four CGH calculation nodes using 12 GPUs. The GPUs in the CGH calculation node generate CGHs corresponding to RGB reconstructing lights in a 3D color video using pipeline processing. Real-time color electroholography was realized for a 3D color object comprising approximately 21,000 points per color.

We propose a resolution enhancement method for a lensless in-line holographic microscope (LIHM) by combining the hologram segmentation and pixel super-resolution (PSR) techniques. Our method is suitable for imaging specific target objects in samples, where the in-line hologram is disturbed by other objects in the samples. The resolution-enhancement capability of our method was proved by numerical simulations and imaging experiments while using a standard resolution target in a two-layer setup. We also applied our LIHM system to image the sample of living algae Euglena gracilis in water solution for further demonstration.

A novel see-through virtual retina display (VRD) system is proposed in this Letter. An optical fiber projector is used as the thin-light-beam source, which is modified from a laser scan projector by separating the laser sources and the scan mechanical structure. A synthetic aperture method is proposed for simple, low-cost fabrication of a volume holographic lens with large numerical aperture. These two key performance-enhanced elements are integrated into a lightweight and ordinary-glasses-like optical see-through VRD system. The proposed VRD system achieves a weight of 30 g and a diagonal field of view of 60°.

A method is proposed to optimize the recording structure of the photorefractive volume grating to compensate high spatial frequency in the distorted wavefront by optical phase conjugation. Based on the coupled-wave equation, the diffraction efficiency of the recorded grating formed by the scattered beams in different recording structures is simulated. The theoretical results show that the recorded modulations with high spatial frequency can be significantly improved in the small recording angle. In the experiment, three recording structures with the recording angles of 7.5°, 30°, and 45° are chosen to verify the compensation effect. Compared with the reconstructed image in the large recording angle of 45°, the signal to noise ratio of the image recorded at 7.5° increases to 3.2 times of that at 45°.

Forward-scattering-light interferometry has become the most commonly used position detection scheme in optical levitation systems. Usually, three-set detectors are required to obtain the three-dimensional motion information. Here, we simplify the three-set detectors to one set by inserting a Dove prism. We investigate the role of a Dove prism in the position measurement process with an optical levitation system in vacuum. The relationship between the power spectral density and the rotation angle of a Dove prism is experimentally demonstrated and analyzed. This work shows that the Dove prism can greatly reduce the complexity of the experimental setup, which can be applied to compact optical levitation systems for studies in metrology, quantum physics, and biology.