包头城区冬春大气颗粒物污染特征及其与气象条件关系

包头2015～2016年冬春季节出现了连续的雾霾天气,不仅对能见度产生较大影响,而且严重危害人体健康。选取了包头主城区8个空气质量浓度监测点的数据,对主城区的PM2.5和PM10污染特征进行分析,确定其空间差异特征和时间性变化特征。依据监测区功能的不同,将包头主城区划分为5个区域,对各个区域监测点数据筛选整理,得到冬春季各个区域PM2.5和PM10质量浓度由高到低的顺序均为:工业区>商业区>文化区>交通枢纽区>公园游览区。各区域颗粒物月变化曲线呈双峰单谷型,12月最高,2月最低,并对成因进行分析总结;逐日变化反映PM2.5和PM10质量浓度具有较好的相关性,且受气象条件影响显著;日变化呈双峰双谷趋势。选取了气温、气压、相对湿度和风速等气象因子,利用Spearman秩相关分析研究各个气象因子对大气PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的影响。包头春季PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度分别与气温、气压正相关,与风速、相对湿度(伴有降水时)负相关,风速、气压和相对湿度是影响污染物质量浓度分布的主要因素。

Abstract

Fogs and hazes broke out many times in winter and spring of 2015～2016 in Baotou, China. It is not only very seriously influential on visibility, but also seriously harmful for human health. Based on this, data of 8 monitoring stations recording characteristics of particulate matters (PM) were analyzed to determine the characteristics of temporal and spatial pollution variation of PM2.5 and PM10 in the central urban districts of Baotou. According to the different functions of monitoring region, 5 districts were divided and the data of each district were screened and sorted. Winter and spring regional PM mass concentration order from high to low were obtained as follows: industrial area>commercial area>cultural area>transportation hub area>park sight spot. The monthly changing characteristics of particles about each district were obtained, and then the cause of formation was analyzed and summarized. Monthly variation curve of PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration showed single valley in double peak pattern: the maximum was in December and the minimum was in February; daily variation indicated a good correlation between PM2.5 and PM10, both of which were significantly influenced by meteorological conditions; diurnal variation curve showed adouble peak-valley type. Meteorological factors such as daily average temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, precipitation were chosen and their individual relationships with concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were investigated using Spearman rank correlation analyses. It was demonstrated that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were positively correlated with temperature and atmospheric pressure, respectively, and strongly negatively correlated with wind speed and relative humidity. Wind speed, atmospheric pressure (with raining and snowing) and relative humidity were three key factors affecting the distributions of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration.

参考文献

[1] Watson J G, Zhu T, Chow J C,et al. Receptor modeling application framework for particle source apportionment [J]. Chemosphere, 2002, 49(9): 1093-1136.

[2] Pitchford M, Maim W, Schichtel B,et al. Revised algorithm for estimating light extinction from IMPROVE particle speciation data [J]. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 2007, 57(11): 1326-36.

[3] Jacob D J, Winner D A. Effect of climate change on air quality [J].Atmos. Environ., 2009, 43(1): 51-63.

[4] Fassina V, Favaro M, Crivellari F,et al. The stone decay of monuments in relation to atmospheric environment [J]. Anal. Chim., 2001, 91(11-12): 767-774.

[5] Pop III C A, Burnett R T, Thun M J,et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution [J]. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 2002, 287(9): 1132-1141.

[6] 赵晨曦, 王云琦, 王玉杰, 等. 北京地区冬春PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系 [J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(2): 418-427.

Zhao Chenxi, Wang Yunqi, WangYujie,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution status and the correlation of particulate matters and meteorological factors during winter and spring in Beijing [J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(2): 418-427(in Chinese).

[7] Dockery D W, Pope C A, Xu X,et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities[J]. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993, 329(24): 1753-1759.

[8] Asimakopoulos D N, Flocas H A, Maggos T,et al. The role of meteorology on different sized aerosol fractions (PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10) [J]. Sci. Total Environ., 2012, 419: 124-135.

[9] 孙扬, 王跃思, 刘广仁, 等. 北京地区一次大气环境持续严重污染过程中SO2的垂直分布分析 [J]. 环境科学, 2006, 27(3): 408-414.

Sun Yang, Wang Yuesi, Liu Guangren,et al. Analysis for vertical profile of atmospheric SO2 during air seriously polluted days in Beijing [J]. Environmental Science, 2006, 27(3): 408-414(in Chinese).

[10] Tai A P K, Mickley L J, Jacob D J. Correlations betweenfine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change [J].Atmos. Environ., 2010, 44(32): 3976-3984.

[11] 孟燕军, 程丛兰. 影响北京大气污染物变化的地面天气形势分析 [J]. 气象, 2002, 28(4): 42-47.

Meng Yanju, Cheng Conglan. Impact of surface synoptic situations on air pollution in Beijing area [J].Meteorological Monthly, 2002, 28(4): 42-47(in Chinese).

[12] 邓利群, 钱骏, 廖瑞雪, 等. 2009年8～9月成都市颗粒物污染及其与气象条件的关系 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32(8): 1433-1438.

Deng Liqun, Qian Jun, Liao Ruixue,et al. Pollution characteristics of atmospheric particulates in Chengdu from August to September in 2009 and their relationship with meteorological conditions [J]. China Environment Science, 2012, 32(8): 1433-1438(in Chinese).

[13] 张婉婷. 包头市环境空气中PM2.5源解析研究 [J]. 环境工程, 2014, 32(4): 71-74.

Zhang Wanting. Source apportionment of PM2.5 in ambient air of Baotou [J].Environmental Engineering, 2014, 32(4): 71-74(in Chinese).

[14] 陶德. 包头市空气环境质量特征及污染防治措施研究 [D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学硕士论文, 2010.

Tao De.Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Quality and Pollution Controlling Methods in Baotou City [D]. Huhhot: Master’s Thesis of Inner Mongolia University, 2010(in Chinese).

[15] 王佳, 李扬, 谷新波, 等. 包头市2011年春季TSP和PM10的污染特征分析 [J]. 内蒙古气象, 2012(5): 35-37.

Wang Jia, Li Yang, Gu Xinbo,et al. Analysis on pollution characteristics of PM10 and TSP in the spring of 2011 in Baotou [J]. Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia, 2012(5): 35-37(in Chinese).

[16] Zalesny R S, Bauer E O, Hall R B,et al. Clonal variation in survival and growth of hybrid poplar and willow in an in situ trial on soils heavily contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons [J]. Int. J. Phytoremediat., 2005, 7(3): 177-97.

[17] 周江兴. 北京市几种主要污染物浓度与气象要素的相关分析 [J]. 应用气象学报, 2005, 16(S1): 123-127.

Zhou Jiangxing. Correlative analysis on relationship between changes of several main contaminations and some meteorological elements [J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2005, 16(S1): 123-127(in Chinese).

[18] 刘焕彬, 王新. 济南市首要污染物浓度与气象要素的相关分析[C]// 全国农业气象与生态环境学术年会论文集 [M]. 2006.

Liu Huanbin, Wang Xin. Related analysis of primary pollutant concentration and meteorological elements in Jinan [C]//National Agricultural Meteorology and the Ecological Environment of Academic Essays [M]. 2006(in Chinese).

[19] 中国环境科学研究院. 环境空气质量标准 [S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2012.

Chinese Research Acaemy of Environmental Sciences. Ambient air quality standard [S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2012(in Chinese).

[20] Li Y. Chemical characteristics of precipitation at three Chinese regional background stations from 2006 to 2007 [J].Atmos. Res., 2010, 96(1): 173-183.

[21] Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, Lin W L,et al. Changes of atmosphericcomposition and optical properties over Beijing 2008 Olympic monitoring campaign [J]. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2008, 90(11): 1633-1649.

[22] 郎凤玲, 闫伟奇, 张泉, 等. 北京大气颗粒物数浓度粒径分布特征及与气象条件的相关性 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(7): 1153-1159.

Lang Fengling, Yan Weiqi, Zhang Quan,et al. Size distribution of atmospheric particle number in Beijing and association with meteorological conditions [J]. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(7): 1153-1159(in Chinese).

[23] 郭利, 张艳昆, 刘树华, 等. 北京地区PM10质量浓度与边界层气象要素相关性分析 [J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2011, 47(4): 607-612.

Guo Li, Zhang Yankun, Liu Shuhua,et al. Correlation analysis between PM10 mass concentration and meteorological elements of atmospheric boundary layer in Beijing area [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2011, 47(4): 607-612(in Chinese).

[24] 王琪. 长沙市大气环境颗粒物浓度水平与变化特性[D]. 长沙:中南大学硕士论文, 2009.

Wang Qi.Particle Concentration Level and Change Characteristics of Atmospheric Environment in Changsha City [D]. Changsha: Master’s Thesis of Central South University, 2009.

[25] Wang J, Ogawa S. Effects of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations in Nagasaki, Japan [J].Inter. J. Env. Res. Pub. Heal., 2015, 12(8): 9089-9101.

[26] Liu P F, Zhao C S, Bel T G,et al. Hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles at high relative humidity and their diurnal variations in the North China Plain [J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2011, 11(7): 3479-3494.

[27] 慕彩芸, 屠月青, 冯瑶. 气象因子对哈密市大气可吸入颗粒物浓度的影响分析 [J]. 气象与环境科学, 2011, 34(s1): 75-79.

Mu Caiyun, Tu Yueqing, Feng Yao. Effect analysis of meteorological factors on the inhalable particle matter concentration of atmosphere in Hami [J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 34(s1): 75-79(in Chinese).

张连科, 鲁尚发, 焦坤灵, 王维大, 张保生, 于维佳. 包头城区冬春大气颗粒物污染特征及其与气象条件关系[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2017, 12(6): 401. ZHANG Lianke, LU Shangfa, JIAO Kunling, WANG Weida, ZHANG Baosheng, YU Weijia. Pollution Characteristics of Particulate Matter in Urban Districts of Baotou and Their Relationships with Meteorological Conditions[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2017, 12(6): 401.

包头城区冬春大气颗粒物污染特征及其与气象条件关系

关于本站 Cookie 的使用提示

全站搜索

包头城区冬春大气颗粒物污染特征及其与气象条件关系

相关论文

相关资讯

关于本站 Cookie 的使用提示

全站搜索