二维材料以其丰富多样的性能受到广泛关注。该类材料具有极高的比表面积, 可以作为光催化剂和电催化剂, 在环境领域和可再生能源领域具有较大的开发和应用前景。本文综述了三种新型二维材料的结构性能, 即二维过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXenes)、类石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)以及黑磷(BP)在光催化或电催化领域的研究进展及改性方式; 对二维材料催化性能的改性进行了总结, 并展望了今后的研究方向。

Two-dimensional materials have attracted broad interest because of their wide variety of properties. They can be used as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts due to their extremely high specific surface area, and have great potential application in the field of environment and renewable energy. This review focuses on the structure and properties of common two-dimensional materials such as 2D carbides and nitrides (MXenes), g-C₃N₄ and black phosphorus (BP). Furthermore, the latest research on the modification of two-dimensional materials in the area of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are discussed and commented. Finally, research prospects for two-dimensional materials in the future are predicted.