为了对聚合物多孔材料的微观孔结构进行控制, 利用垂直沉积技术, 制备了蛋白石结构和多层异质结构的SiO2胶体晶体, 并通过模板导向前驱物填充手段, 获得了反蛋白石结构和孔径梯度变化的聚苯乙烯多孔薄膜。扫描电镜分析表明, 聚苯乙烯多孔结构精确复制了原始模板的反结构。光学透射谱显示, 填充聚苯乙烯后复合蛋白石光子禁带位置相对原始模板发生红移, 除去模板后, 光子禁带位置发生蓝移。根据布拉格衍射方程, 计算出胶体晶体模板空隙的填充分数。

Silica opals and multilayer heterostructures were fabricated by vertical deposition technique. Polystyrene inverse opals and gradient porous structures were obtained by colloidal templating, in order to control the pore microstructure of polymer porous materials. As shown in the scanning electron microscopy images, the polystyrene porous structures are precise replicas of inverse structures of the original templates. After being infiltrated with the polystyrene, the photonic stop-band position of the opal composite is redshifted compared with the original template, and it is blueshifted after the opal template being removed. The filling ratio of polystyrene was calculated according to the Bragg formula．