水下无线光通信(UWOC)可为水下平台提供高速灵活的通信选择。本文介绍了 UWOC的基本链路构成，并指出 UWOC系统的优化方案。吸收、散射和湍流都会影响 UWOC的性能，深入研究信道特性可以指导发射器、接收器和相关信号处理技术的设计。UWOC性能还能够通过复用技术、单光子探测技术和对准系统等进行优化。功能全面的测试平台可以为 UWOC系统提供必要的测试环境，为海试与工业化应用奠定基础。本文期望能为 UWOC相关研究者带来帮助。

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) can provide a high-speed and flexible communica-tion link for underwater platforms. This paper introduces the basic structure of a UWOC link and points out the opti-mization schemes for a UWOC system. Absorption, scattering, and turbulence will affect the performance of a UWOC system. A comprehensive study of channel characteristics can guide the design of transmitters, receivers, and related signal processing technologies. The performance of UWOC can also be optimized by multiplexing technologies, single-photon detection technologies, and alignment systems. A comprehensive test platform could provide a necessary test environment for further sea trials and the practical applications of UWOC. The paper is expected to serve as a guideline for researchers related to UWOC.