为了研究怪波在周期背景中的激发和演化情况，以含有周期外势的自聚焦非线性薛定谔方程为模型，采用快速分步傅里叶算法，讨论了在两种周期势（实势和复势）的情况下，怪波的激发和演化情况.研究表明：在两种周期势背景下都能通过平面波加微扰来激发怪波；在实周期背景下，通过改变周期势的振幅和周期能够产生不同的光学现象；在复周期背景下，通过同样的初始波能够激发一种超大怪波，而且实部振幅对怪波具有能量耗散和减速作用，虚部振幅对怪波具有能量增益和加速作用，选择合适的实部振幅与虚部振幅可以产生强度不同的大怪波.研究结果有助于在光晶格中捕获和调节怪波，以及获得高功率波.

In order to study the excitation and evolution of rogue waves in the periodic background, the excitation and evolution of rogue waves in the case of two kinds of periodic potentials (real potential and complex potential) are discussed by using the split-step fast Fourier transform, according to the self-focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation model with periodic external potential. The results show that rogue waves can be excited by plane waves with a little perturbation in both kinds of periodic potential backgrounds. In the case of only real periodic potential, different optical phenomena can be generated by changing the amplitude and period of the period potential. In the parity-time symmetry periodic potential, a very large rogue wave can be excited, and the real part amplitude has energy dissipation and deceleration effect on the rogue wave, while the imaginary part amplitude has energy gain and acceleration effect on the rogue wave. Therefore, choosing appropriate real part amplitude and imaginary part amplitude can generate large rogue wave with different intensity. The study can help to capture and adjust the strange wave in the optical lattice, and get high power waves.