为了研究1.54 μm与1.06 μm两种激光的大气传输特性以及对脉冲激光测距机的影响，利用Modtran大气辐射传输软件进行仿真计算，得到了1.54 μm与1.06 μm激光在大气分子、气溶胶和雾中的大气透射率；并且通过激光测距原理得到了脉冲激光测距机最大测程与激光大气透射率的关系。研究结果表明：大气分子对1.54 μm与1.06 μm激光的衰减基本可以忽略不计；气溶胶对1.06 μm激光的衰减要强于1.54 μm激光，湿度是影响两种激光透射率差异的关键因素；两种激光在雾天的透射率基本一致，都非常低。能见度的降低会严重影响脉冲激光测距机的最大测程。由于1.54 μm激光较1.06 μm激光有更高的大气透射率，因此利用1.54 μm激光的脉冲激光测距机在最大测程方面更具优势。

In order to study the atmospheric transmission characteristic of 1.54 μm and 1.06 μm lasers and the impact on laser ranging, Modtran is used to simulate the atmospheric transmittance of 1.54 μm and 1.06 μm lasers in different conditions which include atmospheric molecules, aerosol and fog. The laser ranging principle is used to get the relationship between the maximum range of pulse laser rangefinder and atmospheric transmittance. The results point out that, the impact of atmospheric molecules is negligible. Decrement of aerosols to 1.06 μm laser is heavier than that to 1.54 μm laser, and humidity is the key factor. Fog has very heavy decrement to both of the lasers, and they have almost the same atmospheric transmittance in fog. The reduction of visibility has heavy impact to the maximum range of pulse laser rangefinder. Since 1.54 μm laser has better atmospheric transmittance than 1.06 μm laser, pulse laser rangefinder which uses 1.54 μm laser has advantage in the aspect of maximum range.