国外地球同步轨道目标天基光学监视策略

空间目标观测策略是决定天基光学监视系统性能的关键因素之一, 本文对国外已服役和在研的GEO目标天基光学监视系统及其观测策略进行了讨论。首先, 概述了GEO目标天基光学监视技术的发展历程; 然后, 简要分析了GEO目标的轨道特性, 并在此基础上讨论了主流的GEO目标监视策略; 最后, 针对近年来呈现出的监视系统小型化和自主运行的发展趋势, 对SBO载荷与3U CubeSat星座的目标监视性能进行了仿真评估。实验结果表明: SBO载荷和CubeSat卫星均可探测1 m直径的GEO目标, 单颗SBO载荷探测GEO目标比例大于51%, 观测弧长和重访周期分别约1.2°和1.5天, CubeSat星座则可探测超过90%的GEO目标, 平均观测弧长和重访周期分别大于67.1°和小于0.4天。由此可见微小卫星通过组网能实现对GEO目标的独立自主监视。

Abstract

In view of the importance of the space object observation strategy in determining the performance of space-based optical surveillance systems, we discuss and analyze some overseas surveillance systems in service or under development and their relevant observation strategies in this paper. To start with, the development history of the space-based optical surveillance technology for GEO objects is summarized. Then, based on the analysis of the orbital characteristics of GEO objects, the mainstream surveillance strategies of GEO objects are discussed. Finally, on the ground of the trend of miniaturization and autonomization in the development of surveillance systems, the target surveillance performance of the SBO payload and the 3U CubeSats are evaluated. Experimental results show that the SBO payload and the 3U CubeSats can both detect GEO spherical objects with a diameter of 1 m. The coverage ratio of GEO objects detected by the SBO payload is more than 51%, and the average observation arc and detection gap between subsequent observations is around 1.2° and 1.5 days respectively. The CubeSat architecture can detect more than 90% GEO objects, and the average observation arc and revisit cycle is more than 67.1° and less than 0.4 days respectively. In conclusion, by forming constellation, minisatellites and microsatellites are able to implement autonomous surveillance of GEO objects.

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牛照东, 汪琳, 段宇, 潘嘉蒙, 陈曾平. 国外地球同步轨道目标天基光学监视策略[J]. 中国光学, 2017, 10(3): 310. NIU Zhao-dong, WANG Lin, DUAN Yu, PAN Jia-meng, CHEN Zeng-ping. Review of foreign space-based optical surveillance strategies for GEO objects[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(3): 310.

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