Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers

V. Toccafondo1; C. J. Oton

doi:doi:10.1364/prj.4.000057

Photonics Research, 2016, 4 (2): 02000057, Published Online: Sep. 28, 2016

Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers Download： 681次

V. Toccafondo1 ^1,*C. J. Oton ²

Author Affiliations

¹ Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy

² Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. (a) Setup used for the sensing experiments. The top spirals are exposed to the liquid (sensing arm), while the bottom ones are cladded and act as a reference. PIC, photonic integrated circuit; PM, phase modulator; PD, photodetector; PC, personal computer. (b) SEM micrograph of the spirals area.

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Fig. 2. Real-time refractive index sensing for IPA-in-water solutions. Phase shift versus time is reported for different IPA-in-water concentrations.

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Fig. 3. Phase shift versus time for different glycerol concentrations in water.

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Fig. 4. Measured response for different concentrations of glycerol (circles) and IPA (triangles). Linear fits of the response versus concentration for each case are also shown.

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Table1. Refractive Index Values (at 1.55 μm) of IPA and Glycerol Aqueous Solutions at Low Concentrations, Together with Effective Index Variation Calculations and Expected Phase Response Extracted from Eq. (1)

	IPA	Glycerol
$n$ (0%)	1.31500	1.31500
$n$ (2%)	1.31681	1.3177
$Δ n$ (0–2%)	${1.81 \times 10}^{- 3}$	${2.70 \times 10}^{- 3}$
$Δ n_{eff}$ (0–2%)	${3.69 \times 10}^{- 4}$	${5.51 \times 10}^{- 4}$
Expected $Δ φ$ (0-2%) (deg)	858	1279

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V. Toccafondo1, C. J. Oton. Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers[J]. Photonics Research, 2016, 4(2): 02000057.

Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers Download： 681次

Fig. 2. Real-time refractive index sensing for IPA-in-water solutions. Phase shift versus time is reported for different IPA-in-water concentrations.

Fig. 3. Phase shift versus time for different glycerol concentrations in water.

Fig. 4. Measured response for different concentrations of glycerol (circles) and IPA (triangles). Linear fits of the response versus concentration for each case are also shown.

Table1. Refractive Index Values (at 1.55 μm) of IPA and Glycerol Aqueous Solutions at Low Concentrations, Together with Effective Index Variation Calculations and Expected Phase Response Extracted from Eq. (1)

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Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers Download： 681次

Fig. 2. Real-time refractive index sensing for IPA-in-water solutions. Phase shift versus time is reported for different IPA-in-water concentrations.

Fig. 3. Phase shift versus time for different glycerol concentrations in water.

Fig. 4. Measured response for different concentrations of glycerol (circles) and IPA (triangles). Linear fits of the response versus concentration for each case are also shown.

Table1. Refractive Index Values (at 1.55 μm) of IPA and Glycerol Aqueous Solutions at Low Concentrations, Together with Effective Index Variation Calculations and Expected Phase Response Extracted from Eq. (1)

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