介绍了中国气象局南京综合观测基地拉曼瑞利米氏激光雷达(RRML)系统。为了获得对基地上空气溶胶的可靠观测数据，利用该系统米氏通道回波信号对南京北郊对流层气溶胶进行观测，反演得到不同天气条件(晴、多云)下的典型气溶胶消光廓线，观测了一次无风时气溶胶扩散过程。分析了南京北郊气溶胶光学厚度随时间、风向的变化特征。观测南京地区多云天气的云底高度和层云内部消光结构，并对层云进行实时监测。结果表明：利用激光雷达能够很好地对气溶胶实现监测，多云或者有污染天气气溶胶光学厚度明显偏大，全年气溶胶光学厚度先增大后减小，同时由于地理位置原因，对流层气溶胶光学厚度受到偏南北方向风影响较大。对层云的观测表明层内部的消光结构呈现对称和不对称两种情况。而通过对气溶胶的监测发现，在无风时，边界层处气溶胶向下扩散，使得整个边界层内下方气溶胶消光系数增大，而整个边界层内光学厚度保持不变。

The Raman-Rayleigh-Mie lidar (RRML) system in the Nanjing Comprehensive Observation Base of China Meteorological Administration is introduced. In order to get accurate aerosol data, we use the lidar signal from Mie channel of the lidar system to measure the aerosol in the northern suburbs of Nanjing. The extinction profiles at different weather conditions (sunny and cloudy) are obtained. The variation of aerosol with time and wind direction is analyzed. The stratus base height and extinction structure are observed. According to experiments in real time, the aerosol loading changes with time in the windy case. The measurement results indicate that lidar can be finely used in dectecting aerosol. Tropospheric aerosol loading varies with wind direction due to the geographic location of Nanjing. The aerosol optical depth in the whole year of 2011 first increased and then decreased and the maximum value occurred in September. The extinction structure in stratus could be symmetric or asymmetric. Aerosol at the boundary layer diffuses downward, at the same time the altitude of boundary layer keeps stable and extinction of aerosol at low-altitude increases. In this process, the optical depth of aerosol from ground to boundary layer remains unchanged.