基于CCD侧向散射激光雷达的PM2.5浓度测量研究

基于侧向散射激光雷达方程和Mie散射理论，建立了PM2.5浓度与侧向散射光强的关系模型，提出了一种基于电荷耦合器件（CCD）实时监测近地面PM2.5浓度的方法。设计了以波长532 nm激光器为光源、CCD为接收器的侧向散射激光雷达装置，利用该装置测量了散射角在15°～45°之间的侧向散射回波信号图，从回波信号图提取灰度值矩阵并分析其光强分布。与赛默飞世尔科技公司PM2.5监测仪(SHARP)提供的测量结果对比，拟合了PM2.5浓度与3个灰度等级光总能量的关系式，拟合度均在0.97以上。该装置具有操作便利、移动便捷、监测实时、成本较低的特点，在近地面比后向散射激光雷达具有更高的精度与实用性，有助于建立PM2.5污染物的分布和运动模型并绘制污染地图。

Abstract

Based on the side-scattering lidar equation and Mie scattering theory, the relational model of PM2.5 concentration and side-scattered light intensity is built, and a method for real-time monitoring near-ground PM2.5 concentration based on charge-coupled device(CCD) is proposed. A side-scattering lidar device is designed, which uses the laser with 532 nm wavelength as light source and CCD as the receiver. The side-scattering echo signal with scattering angle from 15° to 45° is measured with this device. The gray value matrix is extracted from the echo signal image, and the light intensity distribution in the echo signal image is analyzed. Compared with the measurement results provided by SHARP, a PM2.5 monitor from Thermo Fisher Scientific Company, the formula between PM2.5 concentration and total energy of three gray levels is fitted with a fitting degree better than 0.97. The device has the characteristics of convenient operation, convenient movement, real-time monitoring and low cost. It has a higher precision and practicality than the backscatter lidar in near-ground, which contributes to establish the distribution and movement model of PM2.5 pollutants and make a map of pollution.

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