CFRP激光加工热致损伤形貌研究

为提高碳纤维增强树脂基复材(CFRP)加工质量和效率, 本文采用波长1 064 nm的Nd: YAG激光器对CFRP平板试样进行切割试验, 利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪等仪器对加工后组织的显微形貌、元素成分进行了测试。结果表明, CFRP经激光加工后存在热变形、微孔洞、微裂纹等多种热损伤形式, 与母材相比热影响区内材料发生了脱氧碳化, 未发生氮化。激光切割质量与激光加工参数密切相关, 调节工艺参数可抑制但无法彻底消除热致损伤, 获得了激光高质量切割CFRP的工艺窗口: 脉冲宽度τ≤0.3 ms、脉冲频率f ≤30 Hz, 吹气压力Pa≥0.7 MPa, 扫描速度v≥100 mm/min, 激光功率P≤150 W。最后采用优化的工艺参数组合, 在保证切割效率的前提下, 获得了平均热影响区深度小于120 μm的切缝。

Abstract

In order to improve the processing quality and efficiency of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (CFRP), the CFRP plate samples were cut by Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1 064 nm. The morphology and elemental composition of the processed samples were measured by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that there are many kinds of thermal damage in CFRP after laser processing, such as thermal deformation, micro-hole, micro-crack and so on. Compared with the base metal, the material in the heat affected zone has deoxidized and carbonized without nitriding. The quality of laser cutting is closely related to the parameters of laser processing. Thermal damage can be suppressed but can not be eliminated by adjusting the parameters. The high-quality process window of laser cutting CFRP is obtained: pulse width τ≤ 0.3 ms, pulse frequency f≤30 Hz, blowing pressure Pa≥0.7 MPa, scanning speed v≥100 mm/min, laser power P≤15. 0 W. Finally, the cutting seam with average depth of heat affected zone less than 120 μm was obtained by optimizing the process parameter. Meanwhile, the cutting efficiency is relatively high.

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李元成, 蔡敏, 毛忠, 张伟, 张晓兵, 梁恒亮. CFRP激光加工热致损伤形貌研究[J]. 应用激光, 2020, 40(4): 691. Li Yuancheng, Cai Min, Mao Zhong, Zhang Wei, Zhang Xiaobing, Liang Hengliang. Study on Thermal Damage Morphology in Laser Processing of CFRP[J]. APPLIED LASER, 2020, 40(4): 691.

CFRP激光加工热致损伤形貌研究

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