Passively <i>Q</i>-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS<sub>2</sub>) saturable absorber

Ping Kwong Cheng; Chun Yin Tang; Xin Yu Wang; Long-Hui Zeng; Yuen Hong Tsang

doi:doi:10.1364/PRJ.380146

Photonics Research, 2020, 8 (4): 04000511, Published Online: Mar. 20, 2020

Passively Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS₂) saturable absorber Download： 894次

Ping Kwong Cheng ^1†Chun Yin Tang ^1†Xin Yu Wang Long-Hui Zeng Yuen Hong Tsang ^*

Author Affiliations

Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. Crystal structure of a layered PdS2.

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Fig. 2. (a) FETEM image and (b) corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a randomly selected PdS2 flake; (c) SAED pattern and (d) EDS profile of the PdS2 sample.

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Fig. 3. Statistical distribution of lateral size along (a) short axis, (b) long axis, and (c) layer thickness (analyzed from 250 PdS2 flake samples); (d) AFM image of measured PdS2 flakes with respect to the height profile of (e) Flake A and (f) Flake B.

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Fig. 4. Experimental setup of passively Q-switched and mode-locked EDFL cavity.

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Fig. 5. Optical performance of Q-switched operation. (a) Average output power; (b) repetition rate and pulse duration regarding various optical pump powers; (c) pulse train; (d) single-pulse profile; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at the maximum average output power.

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Fig. 6. Nonlinear input intensity-dependent normalized transmittance curve of PdS2-SA at 1564 nm, the recorded (a) maximum and (b) minimum modulation depth condition according to the variation of the polarization state of input light.

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Fig. 7. Optical performance of mode-locked operation. (a) Average output power regarding various optical pump powers; (b) and (c) are pulse trains with different time scales; (d) autocorrelation trace of mode-locked pulse; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at 0.55 mW output power.

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Fig. 8. Schematic diagram illustrating the photon absorption process within a four-energy level model, where the E0, E1, E2, and E3 are the ground state, first, second, and third excited state, respectively. 1PA and 2PA represent the single-photon absorption and two-photon absorption, respectively. ESA stands for the excited-state absorption.

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Table1. Comparison of Mode-Locked and $Q$ -Switched Lasers Based on Group 10 TMD SAs

	Materials	Gain Media	Wavelength	Pulse Duration	Modulation Depth	References
Mode locking
	${PtS}_{2}$	EDF	1572 nm	2.06 ps	7%	[37]
	${PtSe}_{2}$	EDF	1560 nm	1.02 ps	4.9%	[39]
	${PtSe}_{2}$	EDF	1567 nm	861 fs	6.96%	[40]
	${PtSe}_{2}$	$Nd : {LuVO}_{4}$	1067 nm	15.8 ps	12.6%	[13]
	${PtSe}_{2}$	Nd:YAG	1064 nm	27 ps	1.9%	[34]
	${PdS}_{2}$	EDF	1565.8 nm	803 fs	1.7%	This work
$Q$ switching
	${PtS}_{2}$	EDF	1569 nm	4.2 μs	/	[38]
	${PtSe}_{2}$	EDF	1560 nm	0.9 μs	4.9%	[39]
	${PtTe}_{2}$	YDF	1066 nm	5.2 μs	/	[41]
	${PdS}_{2}$	EDF	1567 nm	4.5 μs	/	This work

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Ping Kwong Cheng, Chun Yin Tang, Xin Yu Wang, Long-Hui Zeng, Yuen Hong Tsang. Passively Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS₂) saturable absorber[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(4): 04000511.

Passively Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS₂) saturable absorber Download： 894次

Fig. 1. Crystal structure of a layered PdS2.

Fig. 2. (a) FETEM image and (b) corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a randomly selected PdS2 flake; (c) SAED pattern and (d) EDS profile of the PdS2 sample.

Fig. 3. Statistical distribution of lateral size along (a) short axis, (b) long axis, and (c) layer thickness (analyzed from 250 PdS2 flake samples); (d) AFM image of measured PdS2 flakes with respect to the height profile of (e) Flake A and (f) Flake B.

Fig. 4. Experimental setup of passively Q-switched and mode-locked EDFL cavity.

Fig. 5. Optical performance of Q-switched operation. (a) Average output power; (b) repetition rate and pulse duration regarding various optical pump powers; (c) pulse train; (d) single-pulse profile; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at the maximum average output power.

Fig. 6. Nonlinear input intensity-dependent normalized transmittance curve of PdS2-SA at 1564 nm, the recorded (a) maximum and (b) minimum modulation depth condition according to the variation of the polarization state of input light.

Fig. 7. Optical performance of mode-locked operation. (a) Average output power regarding various optical pump powers; (b) and (c) are pulse trains with different time scales; (d) autocorrelation trace of mode-locked pulse; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at 0.55 mW output power.

Table1. Comparison of Mode-Locked and $Q$ -Switched Lasers Based on Group 10 TMD SAs

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Passively Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS2) saturable absorber Download： 894次

Fig. 1. Crystal structure of a layered PdS2.

Fig. 2. (a) FETEM image and (b) corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a randomly selected PdS2 flake; (c) SAED pattern and (d) EDS profile of the PdS2 sample.

Fig. 3. Statistical distribution of lateral size along (a) short axis, (b) long axis, and (c) layer thickness (analyzed from 250 PdS2 flake samples); (d) AFM image of measured PdS2 flakes with respect to the height profile of (e) Flake A and (f) Flake B.

Fig. 4. Experimental setup of passively Q-switched and mode-locked EDFL cavity.

Fig. 5. Optical performance of Q-switched operation. (a) Average output power; (b) repetition rate and pulse duration regarding various optical pump powers; (c) pulse train; (d) single-pulse profile; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at the maximum average output power.

Fig. 6. Nonlinear input intensity-dependent normalized transmittance curve of PdS2-SA at 1564 nm, the recorded (a) maximum and (b) minimum modulation depth condition according to the variation of the polarization state of input light.

Fig. 7. Optical performance of mode-locked operation. (a) Average output power regarding various optical pump powers; (b) and (c) are pulse trains with different time scales; (d) autocorrelation trace of mode-locked pulse; (e) RF spectrum; and (f) wavelength spectrum at 0.55 mW output power.

Table1. Comparison of Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Lasers Based on Group 10 TMD SAs

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Passively Q-switched and femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a 2D palladium disulfide (PdS₂) saturable absorber Download： 894次

Table1. Comparison of Mode-Locked and $Q$ -Switched Lasers Based on Group 10 TMD SAs