低轨空间碎片弹道系数及应用

稀疏数据条件下, 弹道系数是影响低轨空间碎片精确轨道确定与预报的关键因子。使用长期累积的TLE(二行根数)跟踪数据, 通过半长轴的大气阻力摄动方程, 将2 000多个轨道近地点高度低于850 km的空间碎片的弹道系数进行估算, 得到这些空间碎片的弹道系数值, 并给出弹道系数的两个应用实例。第一个应用实例关于利用弹道系数进行TLE的数据质量检测。使用质量检测方法剔除质量可疑的TLE后, 对14个面质比较大的空间碎片进行弹道系数的重新估算, 估算误差均显著减小, 其中11个新计算得到的弹道系数与参考值的相对误差小于20%。第二个实例验证弹道系数在所谓的TLE-OD/OP方法中的应用。以GRACE-B卫星为例, 精密轨道预报为参考, 结果表明利用多组TLE的TLE-OD/OP的轨道预报精度显著优于TLE/SGP4的精度。

Abstract

It has been found that ballistic coefficient is a critical parameter in low Earth orbit(LEO) space debris orbit determination(OD) and orbit predication(OP) while using sparse tracking data. Ballistic coefficient of more than 2 000 space debris objects with perigee height below 850 km were estimated using the long-archived two-line elements(TLE) data and the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis of the orbit. Two applications of estimated ballistic coefficient values were discussed. In the first experiment, ballistic coefficient of 14 LEO space debris objects with high area to mass ratio(HAMR) were re-computed after TLEs of suspicious quality were removed through a TLE quality examination process in which the ballistic coefficient value was used to estimate a reasonable variation of the mean semi-major axis. Consequently, the errors of all the re-computed ballistic coefficient values were reduced. The newly estimated ballistic coefficient values were tested using a number of space debris objects with external ballistic coefficient values and agreements of about 20% were achieved. In the second experiment, ballistic coefficient of GRACE-B was used as initial value in the so-called TLE-OD/OP method. It is confirmed that the TLE-OD/OP method results have better OP accuracy than standard Simplified General Perturbations-4(SGP4).

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陈俊宇, 李彬, 章品, 杜建丽, 陈立娟, 桑吉章. 低轨空间碎片弹道系数及应用[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(11): 1129001. Chen Junyu, Li Bin, Zhang Pin, Du Jianli, Chen Lijuan, Sang Jizhang. Low earth orbit space debris ballistic coefficients and their applications[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(11): 1129001.

低轨空间碎片弹道系数及应用

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