液晶与显示, 2013, 28 (5): 653, 网络出版: 2013-10-24   

液晶材料在有机光伏器件中的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Liquid Crystal Material Applied in Organic Photovoltaic Devices
作者单位
河南师范大学 物理与电子工程学院, 河南省光伏材料重点实验室, 河南 新乡453007
摘要
液晶材料应用于有机半导体器件是近年该领域的研究热点之一。文章就液晶材料的半导体性质以及在有机光伏器件中的应用进行文献调研和述评。介绍了有机太阳能电池的基本原理、器件结构和液晶基本知识。分析了液晶分子自身作为给体或受体材料的研究现状, 同时, 对液晶材料作为添加剂在有机光伏器件中的应用进行了调查。结论认为, 基于有机成分的液晶分子由于自身的有序性, 在有机半导体器件制备过程中充当活性材料, 有利于生成的激子解离和载流子的输运。作为添加剂, 液晶分子参与诱导活性材料有序结晶, 改善异质结界面及微观结构, 同样提高激子解离效率和载流子输运能力。两者都能够有效提高有机光伏器件的转换效率。最后, 对基于液晶材料的有机光伏器件的研究趋势进行了展望。
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) material used in organic semiconductor device is one of the areas of research focuses in recent years. This paper reports and reviews the semiconductor properties and applications in organic photovoltaic (OPV) of LC materials. The principles and device structure of OPV, and the basic knowledge of LCs are introduced. The research statuses of LC materials used as electron donor or acceptor in organic semiconductor devices are discussed. Meanwhile, as a semiconductor doping, the application of LC materials in OPV is also investigated. In conclusion, the ordered LC molecule is conducive to exciton dissociation and carrier transport as LCs is used as active layer material in OPV. When LC material is mixed into the active material of OPV, LC molecules will play a positive role in the crystallization process of the active layer. The doping of LCs in active layer can ameliorate the heterojunction interface and microstructure, and hence improve the efficiency of exciton dissociation and carrier transport capability. Both of the two aspects can effectively improve the power conversion efficiency of OPV. Finally, the development tendency in the future of OPV based on the LC material is prospected.
参考文献

[1] Chapin D M, Fuller C S, Pearson G L. A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electrical power [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1954, 25(5): 676-677.

[2] Mbr P. Silicon solar energy converters [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1955, 26(5): 534-540.

[3] Nicholas G, Martin P, Harmut K. Photogeneration of charge carriers in tetracene [J]. J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45(7): 2639.

[4] Hsiang C, Hou J H, Zhang S Q, et al. Polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency [J]. Nat. Photonics, 2009, 3(11): 649-653.

[5] 张天慧, 朴玲钰, 赵谡玲, 等.有机太阳能电池材料研究新进展 [J].有机化学, 2011, 31(2): 260-272.

[6] Young K J, Hee K S, H-h L, et al. New architecture for high-efficiency polymer photovoltaic cells using solution-based Titanium oxide as an optical spacer [J]. Adv. Mater., 2006, 18(5): 572-576.

[7] Reyes-reyes M, Kim K, Carroll D L. High-efficiency photovoltaic devices based on annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 blends. [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, 87(8): 83506(1-3).

[8] Xue J E, Rand B P, Uchida S, et al. A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell [J]. Adv. Mater., 2005, 17(1): 66-71.

[9] Kim K, Liu J W, Namboothiry M A, et al. Roles of donor and acceptor nanodomains in 6 [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 90(16):163511(1-3).

[10] Service R F. Outlook brightens for plastic solar cells [J]. Science, 2011,(332):293.

[11] Steffanie R. Heliatek sets new world record efficiency of 10.7% for its organic tandem cell[EB/OL] . Heliatek:Nigel Robson[2012-7-24].http://www.helitek.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/120427_PI_Heliatek-world-record-10_7-percent-efficiency.pdf.

[12] 李萌, 王传坤, 李晨希, 等.基于富勒烯类材料太阳能电池研究进展 [J].电子元件与材料, 2013, 32(2): 70-76.

[13] 黄维, 密保秀, 高志强.有机电子学 [M].北京: 科学出版社, 2011: 224-241.

[14] Dieter W, Dieter M. Organic solar cells [J]. Adv. Mater., 1991, 3(3): 129-138.

[15] Zhao Y, Xie Z Y, Qin C J, et al. Enhanced charge collection in polymer photovoltaic cells by using an ethanol-soluble conjugated polyfluorene as cathode buffer layer [J]. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cell, 2009, 93(5): 604-608.

[16] Tetsuo S. Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion [M]. Access Online Via Elsevier, 2006.

[17] 张剑, 杨秀程, 冯晓东.有机太阳能电池结构研究进展 [J].电子元件与材料, 2012, 11(31): 75-78.

[18] Krishna B H, Sandeep K. Liquid-crystal nanoscience: an emerging avenue of soft self-assembly [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40(1): 306-319.

[19] 王海涛, 李敏, 白炳莲. 几类非常规液晶材料的研究进展 [J]. 化学通报, 2012,75(1):27-30.

[20] 白玉勤, 郭金宝, 魏杰.可聚合型溶致液晶组装体的研究进展 [J].信息记录材料, 2012, 13(1): 18-27.

[21] 肖中鹏, 麦堪成, 曹民, 等.热致液晶聚合物的研究进展 [J].广州化工, 2013, 41(3): 9-12.

[22] 托合塔尔汗沙拉, 郭金宝, 魏杰.碳纳米管/热致液晶复合材料的研究进展 [J].信息记录材料, 2010,(6): 37-49.

[23] 刘萍.高性能热致液晶聚合物 LCP 基板卷材开发与应用 [J].印制电路信息, 2010, 2(1): 20-22.

[24] 陈锡敏, 闻建勋. 含氟二苯乙炔类蓝相液晶的研究进展 [J]. 液晶与显示, 2013, 28(1): 33-44.

[25] 周路,张丹,郑致刚,等. 偶氮分子掺杂对蓝相液晶选择性反射波长的影响 [J]. 液晶与显示, 2013, 28(1): 7-14.

[26] Cornil J, Lemaur V, Calbert J, et al. Charge transport in discotic liquid crystals: A molecular scale description [J]. Adv. Mater., 2002, 14(10): 726-729.

[27] Van D A, Warman J M. The core-size effect on the mobility of charge in discotic liquid crystalline materials [J]. Adv. Mater., 2001, 13(2): 130-133.

[28] Van D A, Warman J M, Hiroshi H, et al. Charge transport in the mesomorphic free-radical compound bis (octakis (dodecyloxy) phthalocyaninato) lutetium (III) [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1997, 101(45): 9224-9232.

[29] Saad M, Ali B, Bader G, et al. Macrodiscotic liquid crystals derived from planar phthalocyanine oligomers [J]. Tetrahedron Lett., 2004, 45(25): 4865-4868.

[30] Van N F, Picken S J, Arend-jan S, et al. Synthesis and supramolecular chemistry of novel liquid crystalline crown ether-substituted phthalocyanines: toward molecular wires and molecular ionoelectronics [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117(40): 9957-9965.

[31] Tang C W. Two-layer organic photovoltaic cell [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1986, 48(2): 183-185.

[32] Funahashi M, Hanna J. Fast hole transport in a new calamitic liquid crystal of 2-(4'-heptyloxyphenyl)-6-dodecylthiobenzothiazole [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 78(11): 2184-2187.

[33] Hanna J, Kogo K, Toshio Y, et al. Ferroelectric charge-transport liquid crystal material[P]:EP, EP0972817 [P].2004-10-13.

[34] Chen J N, Peng T Y, Fan K, et al. Optimization of plastic crystal Ionic liquid electrolyte for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell [J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2013, (94):1-6

[35] Schmidt-mende L, Fechtenktter A, Müllen K, et al. Efficient organic photovoltaics from soluble discotic liquid crystalline materials [J]. Phys. E: Low-dimens. Syst. Nanostruct., 2002, 14(1): 263-267.

[36] Funahashi M, Tamaoki N. Electronic conduction in the chiral nematic phase of an oligothiophene derivative [J]. Chem. Phys. Chem., 2006, 7(6): 1193-1197.

[37] Yazaki S, Funahashi M, Takashi K. An electrochromic nanostructured liquid crystal consisting of π-conjugated and Ionic moieties [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130(40): 13206-13207.

[38] Keiji T, Hiroaki I, Jun-ichi H. Reinvestigation of carrier transport properties in liquid crystalline 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111(42): 12041-12044.

[39] Singh M, Kurchania R, Mikroyannidis J A, et al. An a-d-a small molecule based on the 3, 6-dithienylcarbazole electron donor (d) unit and nitrophenyl acrylonitrile electron acceptor (a) units for solution processed organic solar cells [J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1(6): 2297-2306.

[40] Zhou J Y, Wan X J, Liu Y S, et al. Small molecules based on benzo [1, 2-b: 4, 5-b′] dithiophene unit for high-performance solution-processed organic solar cells [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134(39): 16345-16351.

[41] Kwang A S, Taewon B, Sakthivel P, et al. Development of dye-sensitized solar cells composed of liquid crystal embedded, electrospun POLY (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanofibers as polymer GEL electrolytes [J]. ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfac., 2012, 4(4): 2096-2100.

[42] 姜鸿基, 邓先宇, 黄维.基于富勒烯和噻吩聚合物的本体异质结太阳电池 [J].化学进展, 2008, 20(9): 1361-1374.

[43] Adam D, Haarer D, Closs F, et al. Discotic liquid crystals-A new class of fast photoconductors [J]. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97(10): 1366-1370.

[44] Funahashi M, Hanna J. Fast ambipolar carrier transport in smectic phases of phenylnaphthalene liquid crystal [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1997, 71(5): 602-604.

[45] Redecker M, Bradley D, Inbasekaran M, et al. Nondispersive hole transport in an electroluminescent polyfluorene [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1998, 73(11): 1565-1567.

[46] Redecker M, Bradley D, Inbasekaran M, et al. Mobility enhancement through homogeneous nematic alignment of a liquid-crystalline polyfluorene [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1999, 74(10): 1400-1402.

[47] Craats A D, Warman J M, Fechtenktter A, et al. Record charge carrier mobility in a room-temperature discotic liquid-crystalline derivative of hexaben zocoronene [J]. Adv. Mater., 1999, 11(17): 1469-1472.

[48] Schmidt-mende L, Fechtenktter A, Müllen K, et al. Self-organized discotic liquid crystals for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics [J]. Science, 2001, 293(5532): 1119-1122.

[49] Suk S W, Hwan-hee J, Mi-kyoung K, et al. Effects of functional groups at perylene diimide derivatives on organic photovoltaic device application [J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2006, 16(4): 384-390.

[50] Christian H, Weickert J, Al-hussein M, et al. Discotic materials for organic solar cells: effects of chemical structure on assembly and performance [J]. Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell, 2010, 94(3): 560-567.

[51] Sun Q J, Dai L M, Zhou X L, et al. Bilayer-and bulk-heterojunction solar cells using liquid crystalline porphyrins as donors by solution processing [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 91(25): 253253-253505.

[52] 陈伟.液晶诱导取向调控聚合物/ZnO 纳米晶杂化太阳能电池微观结构及其性能 [D].南昌: 南昌大学, 2012.

[53] 杨琼芬, 聂汉, 陈自然, 等.三唑和环戊烯苯并菲衍生物盘状液晶分子的电荷传输性质 [J].物理学报, 2012, 61(6): 63102-63102.

[54] Jeong S, Kwon Y, Choi B, et al. Effects of nematic liquid crystal additives on the performance of polymer solar cells [J]. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2010, 211(23): 2474-2479.

[55] Yilmaz C N, Günes S, Pivrikas A, et al. Chiral (S)-5-octyloxy-2-[{4-(2- methylbuthoxy) -phenylimino} -methyl]-phenol liquid crystalline compound as additive into polymer solar cells [J]. Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell, 2010, 94(6): 1089-1099.

[56] Zheng Q, Fang G J, Bai W B, et al. Efficiency improvement in organic solar cells by inserting a discotic liquid crystal [J]. Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cell, 2011, 95(8): 2200-2205.

[57] Lee Chun-che, Huang W Y. Insertion of poly (acrylamide) disc-columnar liquid crystals as a functional template in organic photovoltaics [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012, 126(S2): E70-E77.

[58] Seok C W, Harim J, Jin K S, et al. Ionic liquid crystals: Synthesis, structure and applications to I2-free solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells [J]. Macromol. Res., 2013, 21(3): 315-320.

马恒, 姜璐璐, 李萌, 李晨希, 蒋玉荣. 液晶材料在有机光伏器件中的应用研究进展[J]. 液晶与显示, 2013, 28(5): 653. MA Heng, JIANG Lu-lu, LI Meng, LI Chen-xi, JIANG Yu-rong. Research Progress of Liquid Crystal Material Applied in Organic Photovoltaic Devices[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2013, 28(5): 653.

本文已被 2 篇论文引用
被引统计数据来源于中国光学期刊网
引用该论文: TXT   |   EndNote

相关论文

加载中...

关于本站 Cookie 的使用提示

中国光学期刊网使用基于 cookie 的技术来更好地为您提供各项服务,点击此处了解我们的隐私策略。 如您需继续使用本网站,请您授权我们使用本地 cookie 来保存部分信息。
全站搜索
您最值得信赖的光电行业旗舰网络服务平台!